Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India.
Plant Cell Rep. 2024 Jul 15;43(8):193. doi: 10.1007/s00299-024-03275-y.
Soil salinity is a major constraint for sustainable agricultural productivity, which together with the incessant climate change may be transformed into a severe threat to the global food security. It is, therefore, a serious concern that needs to be addressed expeditiously. The overproduction and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are the key events occurring during salt stress, consequently employing nitro-oxidative stress and programmed cell death in plants. However, very sporadic studies have been performed concerning different aspects of nitro-oxidative stress in plants under salinity stress. The ability of plants to tolerate salinity is associated with their ability to maintain the cellular redox equilibrium mediated by both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms. The present review emphasizes the mechanisms of ROS and RNS generation in plants, providing a detailed evaluation of how redox homeostasis is conserved through their effective removal. The uniqueness of this article stems from its incorporation of expression analyses of candidate genes for different antioxidant enzymes involved in ROS and RNS detoxification across various developmental stages and tissues of rice, utilizing publicly available microarray data. It underscores the utilization of modern biotechnological methods to improve salinity tolerance in crops, employing different antioxidants as markers. The review also explores how various transcription factors contribute to plants' ability to tolerate salinity by either activating or repressing the expression of stress-responsive genes. In summary, the review offers a thorough insight into the nitro-oxidative homeostasis strategy for extenuating salinity stress in plants.
土壤盐度是可持续农业生产力的主要制约因素，加上持续不断的气候变化，可能会演变成对全球粮食安全的严重威胁。因此，这是一个需要迅速解决的严重问题。在盐胁迫下，活性氧（ROS）和活性氮（RNS）的过度产生和积累是关键事件，从而导致植物中的硝态-氧化应激和程序性细胞死亡。然而，关于盐胁迫下植物硝态-氧化应激的不同方面，很少有研究涉及。植物耐受盐度的能力与其维持细胞氧化还原平衡的能力有关，这种平衡是由非酶和酶抗氧化防御机制介导的。本综述强调了植物中 ROS 和 RNS 生成的机制，详细评估了如何通过有效去除来保持氧化还原稳态。本文的独特之处在于它整合了参与 ROS 和 RNS 解毒的不同抗氧化酶的候选基因的表达分析，这些候选基因涉及水稻的不同发育阶段和组织，利用了公开的微阵列数据。它强调了利用现代生物技术方法，以不同的抗氧化剂作为标记物，来提高作物的耐盐性。该综述还探讨了各种转录因子如何通过激活或抑制应激响应基因的表达来帮助植物耐受盐度。总之，该综述为减轻植物盐胁迫提供了硝态-氧化还原平衡策略的全面见解。
