Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
Chemosphere. 2011 Jan;82(3):291-307. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.033. Epub 2010 Nov 4.
Pesticides are released intentionally into the environment and, through various processes, contaminate the environment. Three of the main classes of pesticides that pose a serious problem are organochlorines, organophosphates and carbamates. While pesticides are associated with many health effects, there is a lack of monitoring data on these contaminants. Traditional chromatographic methods are effective for the analysis of pesticides in the environment, but have limitations and prevent adequate monitoring. Enzymatic methods have been promoted for many years as an alternative method of detection of these pesticides. The main enzymes that have been utilised in this regard have been acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, organophosphorus hydrolase and tyrosinase. The enzymatic methods are based on the activation or inhibition of the enzyme by a pesticide which is proportional to the concentration of the pesticide. Research on enzymatic methods of detection, as well as some of the problems and challenges associated with these methods, is extensively discussed in this review. These methods can serve as a tool for screening large samples which can be followed up with the more traditional chromatographic methods of analysis.
农药是有意释放到环境中的，通过各种过程污染了环境。对环境构成严重问题的主要三类农药是有机氯、有机磷和氨基甲酸酯。虽然农药与许多健康影响有关，但这些污染物的监测数据却很缺乏。传统的色谱方法对环境中农药的分析很有效，但有局限性，无法进行充分监测。多年来，酶法一直被作为检测这些农药的替代方法而受到推崇。在这方面，主要利用的酶是乙酰胆碱酯酶、丁酰胆碱酯酶、碱性磷酸酶、有机磷水解酶和酪氨酸酶。酶法是基于农药对酶的激活或抑制，其与农药的浓度成正比。本文广泛讨论了关于酶法检测的研究，以及这些方法相关的一些问题和挑战。这些方法可以作为筛选大量样本的工具，然后可以用更传统的色谱分析方法进行跟进。
