Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Adv Immunol. 2010;108:21-44. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-380995-7.00002-1.
The Th2-type immune response, characterized by the production of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, is a critical immune response against helminths invading cutaneous or mucosal sites. Th2 cytokines are induced soon after helminth infection, even before a pathogen-specific adaptive immune response is established. Although the expulsion and clearance of helminths usually requires pathogen-specific Th2-mediated immunity, early induction of Th2 cytokines during the innate immune phase is important for host protection from helminth invasion. Recent studies have shed light on such Th2 cytokine production by formerly uncharacterized innate immune cells such as a newly identified natural helper cell. We discuss here the mechanisms of innate production of Th2 cytokines in host immune responses against helminth infection.
Th2 型免疫应答的特征是产生 IL-4、IL-5 和 IL-13，是针对入侵皮肤或黏膜部位的寄生虫的关键免疫应答。Th2 细胞因子在寄生虫感染后很快被诱导，甚至在建立针对病原体的适应性免疫应答之前。尽管寄生虫的排出和清除通常需要病原体特异性 Th2 介导的免疫应答，但在先天免疫阶段早期诱导 Th2 细胞因子对于宿主免受寄生虫入侵非常重要。最近的研究揭示了以前未被表征的先天免疫细胞（如新鉴定的天然辅助细胞）产生 Th2 细胞因子的机制。在这里，我们讨论宿主对寄生虫感染的免疫反应中先天产生 Th2 细胞因子的机制。
