Zhu Junwei J, Dunlap Christopher A, Behle Robert W, Berkebile Dennis R, Wienhold Brian
USDA-ARS, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, United States.
J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Dec 8;58(23):12320-6. doi: 10.1021/jf102811k. Epub 2010 Nov 8.
Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), are one of the most serious livestock pests, which cause significant economic loss in the cattle industry. Current practices for managing stable flies are limited to costly sanitation techniques and unsustainable insecticide applications. The present study reports the initial efforts using catnip essential oil as a spatial repellent and the results of field trials using a wax-based formulation to repel stable flies in the cattle feedlot. Electroantennograms showed that catnip oil and its ingredient compounds elicit significant antennal responses from both sexes of stable flies. Catnip oil and ZE- and EZ-nepetalactone showed repellent activity in a single cage olfactormeter study. No behavioral activity was observed from another ingredient compound, caryophyllene. A laboratory dispersal bioassay also showed that stable flies avoided areas treated with catnip oil. Using a solid phase microextraction (SPME) method, the atmospheric concentration of catnip active ingredient compounds (nepetalactones) absorbed by SPME fiber in treated areas was detected at 4 times higher than those in control areas. Application of wax-based catnip pellets in cattle feedlots resulted in >99% repellency of stable flies in treated areas, compared with that in nontreated areas. However, the repellent efficacy of the formulation only lasted 3 h. This is the first study demonstrating the potential application of a plant-based repellent formulation that may be used as an alternative method against stable flies.
厩螫蝇（Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)）是最严重的家畜害虫之一，给养牛业造成重大经济损失。目前管理厩螫蝇的方法仅限于成本高昂的卫生技术和不可持续的杀虫剂应用。本研究报告了使用猫薄荷精油作为空间驱避剂的初步尝试，以及在养牛场使用蜡基制剂驱避厩螫蝇的田间试验结果。触角电位图显示，猫薄荷油及其成分化合物能引起厩螫蝇雌雄两性显著的触角反应。在单笼嗅觉仪研究中，猫薄荷油以及Z - 顺式和E - 反式新薄荷醇内酯表现出驱避活性。另一种成分化合物石竹烯未观察到行为活性。一项实验室扩散生物测定还表明，厩螫蝇避开了用猫薄荷油处理过的区域。使用固相微萃取（SPME）方法检测到，处理区域中被SPME纤维吸收的猫薄荷活性成分化合物（新薄荷醇内酯）的大气浓度比对照区域高4倍。在养牛场应用蜡基猫薄荷颗粒后，与未处理区域相比，处理区域中厩螫蝇的驱避率>99%。然而，该制剂的驱避效果仅持续3小时。这是第一项证明基于植物的驱避制剂可能作为对抗厩螫蝇的替代方法的潜在应用的研究。
