Tel Aviv University, P,O, Box 39040, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
Harm Reduct J. 2010 Nov 10;7:28. doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-7-28.
In the past decade, there have been various attempts to understand the initiation and progression of tobacco smoking among adolescents. One line of research on these issues has made strong claims regarding the speed in which adolescents can become physically and mentally addicted to smoking. According to these claims, and in contrast to other models of smoking progression, adolescents can lose autonomy over their smoking behavior after having smoked one puff in their lifetime and never having smoked again, and can become mentally and physically "hooked on nicotine" even if they have never smoked a puff.
To critically examine the conceptual and empirical basis for the claims made by the "hooked on nicotine" thesis.
We reviewed the major studies on which the claims of the "hooked on nicotine" research program are based.
The studies we reviewed contained substantive conceptual and methodological flaws. These include an untenable and idiosyncratic definition of addiction, use of single items or of very lenient criteria for diagnosing nicotine dependence, reliance on responders' causal attributions in determining physical and mental addiction to nicotine and biased coding and interpretation of the data.
The conceptual and methodological problems detailed in this review invalidate many of the claims made by the "hooked on nicotine" research program and undermine its contribution to the understanding of the nature and development of tobacco smoking in adolescents.
在过去的十年中，人们尝试从各种角度理解青少年吸烟行为的起始和发展。其中一个研究方向主要关注青少年对吸烟产生身体和心理依赖的速度。根据这一理论，与其他吸烟进展模型相反，青少年只要吸过一口烟，就会在一生中失去对吸烟行为的自主权，并且即使从未吸过一口烟，也会在精神和身体上对尼古丁“上瘾”。
批判性地检验“尼古丁上瘾”这一理论主张的概念和经验基础。
我们对“尼古丁上瘾”研究项目所依据的主要研究进行了综述。
我们回顾的研究存在实质性的概念和方法缺陷。这些缺陷包括不可持续且特殊的成瘾定义、使用单一项目或非常宽松的尼古丁依赖诊断标准、依赖应答者的因果归因来确定对尼古丁的身体和心理依赖、以及对数据的有偏差的编码和解释。
本综述详细阐述的概念和方法问题使“尼古丁上瘾”研究项目的许多主张失效，并破坏了其对理解青少年吸烟的性质和发展的贡献。
