Richardson Megan, Liederbach Marijeanne, Sandow Emily
Harkness Center for Dance Injuries, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, New York 10003, USA.
J Dance Med Sci. 2010;14(3):82-8.
The most popular criterion cited in the dance literature for advancement to pointe work is attainment of the chronological age of 12 years. However, dancers at this age vary greatly in terms of musculoskeletal maturity and motor skill development. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether objective, functional tests could be used in conjunction with dance teacher expertise to determine pointe-readiness. It was hypothesized that dynamic tests of motor control can better indicate pointe-readiness than chronological age alone or in combination with static musculoskeletal measurements. Thirty-seven pre-pointe students from two professional ballet schools were tested for muscular strength, ankle joint range of motion, single leg standing balance, dynamic alignment, and turning skill. In addition, the participating students' ballet teachers independently graded each student on her readiness to begin dancing en pointe. Performance on three functional tests (the Airplane test, Sauté test, and Topple test) was closely associated with teacher subjective rating for pointe-readiness. It is concluded that these tests may be more useful for gauging acquisition of the skills required for safe and successful performance than the traditionally accepted indicators of chronological age, years of dance training, and ankle joint range of motion.
舞蹈文献中提及的最常用的足尖舞训练进阶标准是达到12岁的实际年龄。然而，这个年龄段的舞者在肌肉骨骼成熟度和运动技能发展方面差异很大。本研究的目的是调查客观的功能测试是否可以与舞蹈教师的专业知识相结合，以确定是否适合开始足尖舞训练。研究假设是，与单纯的实际年龄或实际年龄与静态肌肉骨骼测量相结合相比，运动控制的动态测试能更好地表明是否适合进行足尖舞训练。对来自两所专业芭蕾舞学校的37名准备开始足尖舞训练的学生进行了肌肉力量、踝关节活动范围、单腿站立平衡、动态姿势和旋转技能测试。此外，参与研究的学生的芭蕾舞教师独立地对每个学生开始足尖舞训练的准备情况进行评分。三项功能测试（飞机测试、 sauté测试和倾倒测试）的表现与教师对足尖舞训练准备情况的主观评分密切相关。研究得出的结论是，与传统上认可的实际年龄、舞蹈训练年限和踝关节活动范围等指标相比，这些测试对于衡量获得安全且成功地进行足尖舞表演所需技能可能更有用。
