The role of non-operative strategies in the management of severe acute pancreatitis.

CONTEXT

Non-operative strategies are gaining preference in the management of patients with severe acute pancreatitis.

OBJECTIVE

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a non-operative approach, including percutaneous drainage, in the management of severe acute pancreatitis.

DESIGN

Prospective study.

SETTING

Tertiary care centre in India.

PATIENTS

Fifty consecutive patients with severe acute pancreatitis were managed in an intensive care unit.

INTERVENTIONS

The patients were initially managed conservatively. Those with 5 cm, or more, of fluid collection having fever, leukocytosis or organ failure underwent percutaneous catheter drainage using a 10 Fr catheter. Those not responding underwent a necrosectomy. Depending on the outcome of their supportive care, the patients were divided into three groups: those responding to intensive care, those needing percutaneous catheter drainage and those requiring surgical intervention. Twelve patients were managed conservatively (Group 1) while 24 underwent percutaneous catheter drainage (Group 2), 9 of whom were not operated (Group 2a) and 15 of whom underwent necrosectomy (Group 2b). Fourteen patients were operated on directly (Group 3).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Hospital stay, intensive care unit stay, and mortality.

RESULTS

Among patients requiring surgery, the patients in Group 2b had a shorter intensive care unit stay (22.1±11.1 days) as compared to the patients in Group 3 (25.0±15.6 days) and a longer interval to surgery, 30.7±8.9 days versus 25.4±8.5 days. However, these differences did not reach statistical significance (P=0.705 and P=0.133, respectively). The two groups did not differ in terms of mortality (5/15 versus 3/14; P=0.682).

CONCLUSION

The use of percutaneous catheter drainage helped avoid or delay surgery in two-fifths of the patients with severe acute pancreatitis.