Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
Small. 2011 Jan 3;7(1):12-48. doi: 10.1002/smll.201000946.
Harnessing the ability to precisely and reproducibly actuate fluids and manipulate bioparticles such as DNA, cells, and molecules at the microscale, microfluidics is a powerful tool that is currently revolutionizing chemical and biological analysis by replicating laboratory bench-top technology on a miniature chip-scale device, thus allowing assays to be carried out at a fraction of the time and cost while affording portability and field-use capability. Emerging from a decade of research and development in microfluidic technology are a wide range of promising laboratory and consumer biotechnological applications from microscale genetic and proteomic analysis kits, cell culture and manipulation platforms, biosensors, and pathogen detection systems to point-of-care diagnostic devices, high-throughput combinatorial drug screening platforms, schemes for targeted drug delivery and advanced therapeutics, and novel biomaterials synthesis for tissue engineering. The developments associated with these technological advances along with their respective applications to date are reviewed from a broad perspective and possible future directions that could arise from the current state of the art are discussed.
微流控技术能够精确且可重复地控制流体和操纵生物粒子，如 DNA、细胞和分子，是一种强大的工具，它通过在微型芯片设备上复制实验室台式技术，正在彻底改变化学和生物学分析，从而使分析能够在时间和成本的一小部分完成，同时提供便携性和现场使用能力。微流控技术经过十年的研究和开发，涌现出了一系列有前途的实验室和消费生物技术应用，包括微尺度基因和蛋白质组分析试剂盒、细胞培养和操作平台、生物传感器和病原体检测系统，到即时诊断设备、高通量组合药物筛选平台、靶向药物输送和先进治疗方案，以及用于组织工程的新型生物材料合成。从广泛的角度回顾了与这些技术进步相关的发展及其迄今为止各自的应用，并讨论了当前艺术状态可能产生的未来方向。
