Regional Virology Laboratory, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 50 Charlton Ave. East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2010 Nov;8(11):1273-92. doi: 10.1586/eri.10.121.
The appearance of eight new respiratory viruses in the human population in the past 9 years, including two new pandemics (SARS coronavirus in 2003 and swine-origin influenza A/H1N1 in 2009), has tested the ability of virology laboratories to develop diagnostic tests to identify these viruses. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NATs) that first appeared two decades ago have been developed for both conventional and emerging viruses and now form the backbone of the clinical laboratory. NATs provide fast, accurate and sensitive detection of respiratory viruses and have significantly increased our understanding of the epidemiology of these viruses. Multiplex PCR assays have been introduced recently and several commercial tests are now available. The final chapter in the evolution of respiratory virus diagnostics will be the addition of allelic discrimination and detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with antiviral resistance to multiplex assays. These resistance assays together with new viral load tests will enable clinical laboratories to provide physicians with important information for optimal treatment of patients.
在过去的 9 年中，有 8 种新的呼吸道病毒出现在人类群体中，其中包括两次新的大流行（2003 年的 SARS 冠状病毒和 2009 年的猪源甲型流感 A/H1N1），这检验了病毒学实验室开发诊断测试以识别这些病毒的能力。二十年前首次出现的核酸扩增测试（NAT）已经针对传统和新兴病毒进行了开发，现在构成了临床实验室的骨干。NAT 提供了快速、准确和敏感的呼吸道病毒检测，极大地提高了我们对这些病毒的流行病学的认识。最近引入了多重 PCR 检测方法，现在有几种商业检测方法可用。呼吸道病毒诊断学的最后一个篇章将是在多重检测方法中加入等位基因鉴别和检测与抗病毒耐药性相关的单核苷酸多态性。这些耐药性检测方法以及新的病毒载量检测方法将使临床实验室能够为医生提供有关最佳治疗患者的重要信息。
