Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
J Biomech. 2011 Feb 3;44(3):475-86. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.09.036. Epub 2010 Nov 11.
There is a paucity of data available for the moment arms of the muscles of the human neck. The objective of the present study was to measure the moment arms of the major cervical spine muscles in vitro. Experiments were performed on five fresh-frozen human head-neck specimens using a custom-designed robotic spine testing apparatus. The testing apparatus replicated flexion-extension, lateral bending and axial rotation of each individual intervertebral joint in the cervical spine while all other joints were kept immobile. The tendon excursion method was used to measure the moment arms of 30 muscle sub-regions involving 13 major muscles of the neck about all three axes of rotation of each joint for the neutral position of the cervical spine. Significant differences in the moment arm were observed across sub-regions of individual muscles and across the intervertebral joints spanned by each muscle (p<0.05). Overall, muscle moment arms were larger in flexion-extension and lateral bending than in axial rotation, and most muscles had prominent moment arms in at least 2 out of the 3 joint motions investigated. This study emphasizes the importance of detailed representation of a muscle's architecture in prediction of its torque capacity about the individual joints of the cervical spine. The dataset produced may be useful in developing and validating computational models of the human neck.
目前可用的数据很少涉及人体颈部肌肉的力臂。本研究的目的是在体外测量主要颈椎肌肉的力臂。实验在五个新鲜冷冻的头颈部标本上进行，使用定制的机器人脊柱测试装置。该测试装置复制了每个颈椎关节的屈伸、侧屈和轴向旋转，同时保持所有其他关节不动。肌腱位移法用于测量 30 个肌肉亚区的力臂，涉及颈部 13 个主要肌肉，每个关节的中立位涉及所有三个旋转轴。在单个肌肉的各个亚区以及跨越每个肌肉跨越的椎间关节中观察到力臂有显著差异（p<0.05）。总体而言，肌肉力臂在屈伸和侧屈中大于在轴向旋转中，并且大多数肌肉在至少 2 个研究的关节运动中具有明显的力臂。本研究强调了在预测颈椎各个关节的扭矩能力时，详细描述肌肉结构的重要性。生成的数据集可能有助于开发和验证人体颈部的计算模型。
