Childhood posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is a clinicoradiologic syndrome characterised clinically by headaches, altered consciousness, visual disturbances and seizures and radiological changes which can resolve. However left untreated it can be fatal and not all cases are reversible. It can occur in many settings, the most common being hypertensive crisis. We discuss the clinical and radiological features of this increasingly diagnosed condition among children and current thinking on its pathogenesis. A brief case is used to highlight the variable presentation of PRES. PRES is often unsuspected by the clinician and radiologists may be first to suggest the diagnosis. Accurate assessment including blood pressure measurement, appropriate imaging and rapid treatment is required to avoid a devastating outcome.