Cognitive Neuroscience Division of Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, PH-18, New York, NY 10032, United States.
Behav Brain Res. 2011 Mar 17;218(1):73-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.11.012. Epub 2010 Nov 11.
During sleep deprivation (SD), failures to respond (FR) increase across a variety of tasks. This is the first systematic investigation of neural correlates of FR during SD. We use multivariate analysis to model neural activation separately for FR and responses (R) at each trial phase.
In two experiments a delayed letter recognition task was performed in a 1.5T scanner at 9:30 am after two nights of total SD. Participants were continuously monitored in the laboratory.
Healthy young adults from two SD experiments (combined n=37; aged 25.55 ± 3.86 years).
Multivariate linear modeling (MLM) was used to find networks of activation that differed between FR and R. At each of three trial phases-encoding, retention, and test-two networks were expressed. In the encoding phase, the second network was seen during FR and was not seen during R. This network constituted widespread deactivations (∼26,000 voxels) of fronto-parietal and thalamic areas concomitant with activation of extrastriate cortex and hippocampus. In a multiple regression including activation during FR and R from all networks and all trial phases, expression of this encoding-phase network during FR was the key predictor of SD-related performance impairment, operationalized as greater %FR (η(p)(2)=0.33), lower d' and larger median RT (η(p)(2)=0.17).
FR were most associated with neural disruptions occurring at the encoding phase when subjects must attend to and encode items. Further, expression of this FR-related encoding-phase network made the largest independent contribution to predicting vulnerability to overall SD-related impairment.
在睡眠剥夺（SD）期间，各种任务的反应失败（FR）增加。这是首次对 SD 期间 FR 的神经相关性进行系统研究。我们使用多元分析分别对每个试验阶段的 FR 和反应（R）进行神经激活建模。
在两项实验中，在完全 SD 后的两个晚上，在 9：30 点使用延迟字母识别任务在 1.5T 扫描仪中进行。参与者在实验室中连续监测。
来自两项 SD 实验的健康年轻成年人（合并 n=37；年龄 25.55±3.86 岁）。
多元线性建模（MLM）用于发现 FR 和 R 之间不同的激活网络。在三个试验阶段-编码、保持和测试-的每一个阶段，都表达了两个网络。在编码阶段，第二个网络在 FR 期间出现，而在 R 期间未出现。该网络构成了广泛的额顶叶和丘脑区域的去激活（约 26000 个体素），同时伴随着外纹状体和海马的激活。在包括所有网络和所有试验阶段的 FR 和 R 期间的激活的多元回归中，该编码阶段网络在 FR 期间的表达是 SD 相关表现损伤的关键预测因子，表现为更高的%FR（η（p）（2）=0.33）、更低的 d'和更长的中位数 RT（η（p）（2）=0.17）。
FR 与受试者必须关注和编码项目时发生的编码阶段的神经中断最相关。此外，该 FR 相关编码阶段网络的表达对预测整体 SD 相关损伤的易感性做出了最大的独立贡献。
