Kentucky Center for Smoke-Free Policy, College of Nursing and College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2010 Dec;39(6 Suppl 1):S66-76. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.08.013.
Smokefree legislation is a powerful public health intervention. Despite progress in smokefree legislation, over half of U.S. adults remain unprotected by comprehensive smokefree legislation.
This paper reviews the scientific literature on health and economic outcome studies of smokefree legislation from the past decade, 2000 to early 2010, using MEDLINE and key search terms: smoking, smoking cessation, smoking/legislation and jurisprudence, smoking cessation/legislation and jurisprudence, and health policy.
There is a wealth of research showing the health benefits to entire populations when communities implement comprehensive smokefree laws and/or regulations. These laws improve the health of hospitality workers and the general population by improving indoor air quality, reducing acute myocardial infarctions and asthma exacerbations, and improving infant and birth outcomes. Some studies report reduced smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption and improved cessation outcomes after smokefree legislation. In addition to the health benefits, economic studies confirm that smokefree laws do not adversely affect business revenues or operating costs.
While there is an abundance of smokefree policy outcomes research showing both the health and economic impacts of smokefree legislation, these outcomes may have more to do with implementation effectiveness than adoption, especially among subpopulations. An emerging body of literature documents not only that disparities in health protections remain among subpopulations, but that health outcomes of smokefree legislation may vary by gender, race/ethnicity, SES, and age. Further research is needed on implementation effectiveness of smokefree legislation and differential effects on subpopulations.
无烟立法是一项强有力的公共卫生干预措施。尽管在无烟立法方面取得了进展，但仍有超过一半的美国成年人没有受到全面无烟立法的保护。
本文回顾了 2000 年至 2010 年初过去十年中有关健康和经济结果研究的科学文献，使用了 MEDLINE 和关键搜索词：吸烟、戒烟、吸烟/立法和判例法、戒烟/立法和判例法以及健康政策。
有大量研究表明，当社区实施全面的无烟法律和/或法规时，整个社区的健康都将受益。这些法律通过改善室内空气质量、减少急性心肌梗死和哮喘恶化以及改善婴儿和出生结局，改善了酒店业工人和一般人群的健康。一些研究报告称，无烟立法后吸烟率和香烟消费减少，戒烟效果改善。除了健康益处，经济研究证实无烟法律不会对企业收入或运营成本产生不利影响。
虽然有大量的无烟政策结果研究表明无烟立法对健康和经济的影响，但这些结果可能与实施效果有关，而不是与采用有关，特别是在亚人群中。越来越多的文献记录了健康保护方面的差距仍然存在于亚人群中，而且无烟立法的健康结果可能因性别、种族/民族、社会经济地位和年龄而异。需要进一步研究无烟立法的实施效果以及对亚人群的不同影响。
