Unit of Health Promotion Research, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark.
Eur J Public Health. 2011 Aug;21(4):449-55. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckq156. Epub 2010 Nov 12.
Area-level socio-economic factors are significantly related to a population's health. This study investigates how school district-level factors affect the initiation of alcohol drinking of Danish adolescents.
A survey sample of 11,223 female and male pupils in the 7th grade from 447 schools across Denmark was analysed for the outcome variable drinking initiation and a number of individual level predictors. Aggregated variables on school district level were created from national registry data for education, occupational level and household savings of residents, type of housing and land use characteristics.
About 40% of all respondents (45.8% males and 35.2% females) had ever drunk more than one glass of alcoholic beverage. Mixed-effects logistic regression showed that significant individual level predictors for drinking initiation were male gender, a lower performance at school, perceived peer group drinking and the perceived daily drinking of the father. On school district level, adolescents were more likely to initiate alcohol consumption in school districts with higher farming land use and less likely in those with higher proportion of private apartment buildings. Other school district factors were not associated with drinking initiation when controlled for individual level factors.
The impact of socio-economic variables at school district level seems to be smaller in the welfare state of Denmark than known for other countries. However, residence in rural areas may be a direct disadvantage for youth, indicating a need for region-specific prevention programmes.
地区层面的社会经济因素与人口健康密切相关。本研究调查了学区因素如何影响丹麦青少年开始饮酒。
对丹麦 447 所学校的 11223 名 7 年级男女学生进行了一项调查，分析了饮酒开始这一因变量和一些个体水平预测因素。从全国登记数据中创建了学区层面的聚合变量，包括教育、居民职业水平和家庭储蓄、住房类型以及土地利用特征。
约 40%的受访者（45.8%的男性和 35.2%的女性）曾经喝过一杯以上的含酒精饮料。混合效应逻辑回归显示，饮酒开始的显著个体水平预测因素是男性性别、学校成绩较低、感知同伴饮酒和感知父亲的日常饮酒。在学区层面上，青少年在农业用地比例较高的学区更有可能开始饮酒，而在私人公寓楼比例较高的学区则不太可能开始饮酒。其他学区因素在控制了个体水平因素后与饮酒开始无关。
在丹麦这样的福利国家，社会经济变量在学区层面的影响似乎比其他国家小。然而，居住在农村地区可能对年轻人直接不利，表明需要制定针对特定地区的预防计划。
