Section of Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Curr Opin Oncol. 2011 Jan;23(1):53-60. doi: 10.1097/CCO.0b013e328341000f.
Pituitary adenomas are frequently encountered in practice either because of clinical symptoms or as incidental findings. These tumors may alter pituitary function and can therefore have a considerable impact on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life.
The presentation is variable for each type of tumor, with microadenomas being either silent or manifesting with symptoms of hormonal excess. In contrast, macroadenomas may present with mass effect. The various histologic types include prolactinomas, nonfunctioning adenomas, somatotropinomas, corticotropinomas, and thyrotropinomas. The present article will serve as an update on the diagnosis and treatment of pituitary adenomas. Advances in medical management for each tumor are discussed, highlighting new therapeutic alternatives. The role of surgery is also reviewed. Recommendations on the surveillance and postoperative monitoring of patients are emphasized.
Newer methods in the diagnosis and treatment for pituitary adenomas greatly expand our ability to care for affected patients.
垂体腺瘤在临床上很常见，要么是因为临床症状，要么是因为偶然发现。这些肿瘤可能会改变垂体的功能，因此会对发病率、死亡率和生活质量产生相当大的影响。
每种肿瘤的表现都各不相同，微腺瘤要么无声无息，要么表现为激素过多的症状。相比之下，大腺瘤可能会出现肿块效应。各种组织学类型包括催乳素瘤、无功能腺瘤、生长激素瘤、促肾上腺皮质激素瘤和促甲状腺激素瘤。本文将对垂体腺瘤的诊断和治疗进行更新。讨论了每种肿瘤的医学治疗进展，强调了新的治疗选择。还回顾了手术的作用。强调了对患者的监测和术后监测的建议。
在垂体腺瘤的诊断和治疗方面的新方法极大地扩展了我们照顾受影响患者的能力。
