Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
FEBS J. 2011 Jan;278(1):47-58. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07922.x. Epub 2010 Nov 16.
GRAIL (gene related to anergy in lymphocytes, also known as RNF128), an ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3), utilizes a unique single transmembrane protein with a split-function motif, and is an important gatekeeper of T-cell unresponsiveness. Although it may play a role in other CD4 T-cell functions including activation, survival and differentiation, GRAIL is most well characterized as a negative regulator of T-cell receptor responsiveness and cytokine production. Here, we review the recent literature on this remarkable E3 in the regulation of human and mouse CD4 T-cell unresponsiveness.
GRAL（淋巴细胞无反应性相关基因，也称为 RNF128），一种泛素蛋白连接酶（E3），利用具有分裂功能基序的独特单次跨膜蛋白，是 T 细胞无反应性的重要守门员。虽然它可能在其他 CD4 T 细胞功能中发挥作用，包括激活、存活和分化，但 GRAIL 作为 T 细胞受体反应性和细胞因子产生的负调节剂最为突出。在这里，我们回顾了关于这种调节人类和小鼠 CD4 T 细胞无反应性的 E3 的最新文献。
