mTOR 的组成性减少会改变细胞大小、免疫细胞发育和抗体产生。
Constitutive reductions in mTOR alter cell size, immune cell development, and antibody production.
机构信息
Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
出版信息
Blood. 2011 Jan 27;117(4):1228-38. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-05-287821. Epub 2010 Nov 15.
Mammalian TOR (mTOR) regulates cell growth, proliferation, and migration. Because mTOR knock-outs are embryonic lethal, we generated a viable hypomorphic mouse by neo-insertion that partially disrupts mTOR transcription and creates a potential physiologic model of mTORC1/TORC2 inhibition. Homozygous knock-in mice exhibited reductions in body, organ, and cell size. Although reductions in most organ sizes were proportional to decreased body weight, spleens were disproportionately smaller. Decreases in the total number of T cells, particularly memory cells, and reduced responses to chemokines suggested alterations in T-cell homing/homeostasis. T-cell receptor-stimulated T cells proliferated less, produced lower cytokine levels, and expressed FoxP3. Decreased neutrophil numbers were also observed in the spleen, despite normal development and migration in the bone marrow. However, B-cell effects were most pronounced, with a partial block in B-cell development in the bone marrow, altered splenic populations, and decreases in proliferation, antibody production, and migration to chemokines. Moreover, increased AKT(Ser473) phosphorylation was observed in activated B cells, reminiscent of cancers treated with rapamycin, and was reduced by a DNA-pk inhibitor. Thus, mTOR is required for the maturation and differentiation of multiple immune cell lineages. These mice provide a novel platform for studying the consequences of constitutively reduced mTORC1/TORC2 activity.
哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)调节细胞生长、增殖和迁移。由于 mTOR 敲除是胚胎致死的,我们通过新插入产生了一种可行的低等位基因小鼠,部分破坏 mTOR 转录并创建了 mTORC1/TORC2 抑制的潜在生理模型。纯合敲入小鼠表现出体重、器官和细胞大小的减少。尽管大多数器官大小的减少与体重减轻成比例,但脾脏不成比例地更小。T 细胞总数,特别是记忆细胞的减少,以及对趋化因子的反应降低表明 T 细胞归巢/稳态发生改变。T 细胞受体刺激的 T 细胞增殖减少,细胞因子水平降低,FoxP3 表达减少。尽管骨髓中正常发育和迁移,但脾脏中也观察到中性粒细胞数量减少。然而,B 细胞的影响最为明显,骨髓中 B 细胞发育部分受阻,脾脏群体发生改变,增殖、抗体产生和向趋化因子的迁移减少。此外,在激活的 B 细胞中观察到 AKT(Ser473)磷酸化增加,类似于用雷帕霉素治疗的癌症,并且被 DNA-pk 抑制剂降低。因此,mTOR 是多种免疫细胞谱系成熟和分化所必需的。这些小鼠为研究持续降低的 mTORC1/TORC2 活性的后果提供了一个新的平台。