Pavlou Evangelos, Gkampeta Anastasia
2nd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA General Hospital, Elaiones Pilaias, Thessaloniki 55535, Greece.
Childs Nerv Syst. 2011 Mar;27(3):373-9. doi: 10.1007/s00381-010-1321-9. Epub 2010 Nov 16.
Learning Disorders (LD) are defined as disorders that interfere with academic performance or with daily activities that require reading, writing or mathematical skills in subjects with a normal intelligence quotient (IQ). The prevalence of LD in the general population has been found to be 2-10%, and reading disorders are the most frequent subtype. Epilepsy is one of the most common serious neurological disorders in childhood. LD are more common in children with epilepsy than in the general population. As a consequence, the risk of cognitive impairment in children with epilepsy is high, and a review of the literature needs to be fully presented.
Narrative review including articles regarding LD in children with various epileptic syndromes published in the international medical literature.
LD are more frequent among children with epilepsy. The etiology is multifactorial, being affected by the type of epileptic syndrome, the age of onset and the antiepileptic treatment being selected. LD can be either permanent or state-dependent. Each category has different treatment protocols and prognosis.
Despite the fact that the findings of the studies discussed in our article support the evidence that epilepsy in childhood impairs the cognitive function, we should not underestimate the role of demographic and psychosocial factors on academic performance of children with epilepsy. Despite the high prevalence of LD, a healthy family and school environment can help reduce its impact on the patient's quality of life.
学习障碍（LD）被定义为干扰学业成绩或干扰那些在智商（IQ）正常的情况下需要阅读、写作或数学技能的日常活动的障碍。在普通人群中，学习障碍的患病率为2%-10%，阅读障碍是最常见的亚型。癫痫是儿童期最常见的严重神经系统疾病之一。学习障碍在癫痫患儿中比在普通人群中更常见。因此，癫痫患儿出现认知障碍的风险很高，需要全面呈现对相关文献的综述。
叙述性综述，包括国际医学文献中发表的关于各种癫痫综合征患儿学习障碍的文章。
学习障碍在癫痫患儿中更为常见。病因是多因素的，受癫痫综合征类型、发病年龄和所选抗癫痫治疗的影响。学习障碍可以是永久性的或状态依赖性的。每一类都有不同的治疗方案和预后。
尽管我们文章中讨论的研究结果支持儿童癫痫会损害认知功能这一证据，但我们不应低估人口统计学和社会心理因素对癫痫患儿学业成绩的作用。尽管学习障碍患病率很高，但健康的家庭和学校环境有助于减轻其对患者生活质量的影响。
