Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2010 Nov;8(11):1277-86; quiz 1287. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2010.0094.
Radioactive iodine (RAI) in the form of (131)I has been used to treat thyroid cancer since 1946. RAI is used after thyroidectomy to ablate the residual normal thyroid remnant, as adjuvant therapy, and to treat thyroid cancer metastases. Although the benefits of using RAI in low-risk patients with thyroid cancer are debated, it is frequently used in most patients with thyroid cancer and is clearly associated with acute and long-term risks and side effects. Acute risks associated with RAI therapy include nausea and vomiting, ageusia (loss of taste), salivary gland swelling, and pain. Longer-term complications include recurrent sialoadenitis associated with xerostomia, mouth pain, dental caries, pulmonary fibrosis, nasolacrimal outflow obstruction, and second primary malignancies. This article summarizes the common complications of RAI and methods to prevent and manage these complications.
放射性碘（RAI）以（131）I 的形式自 1946 年以来一直被用于治疗甲状腺癌。RAI 用于甲状腺切除术后以消融残留的正常甲状腺残余物、作为辅助治疗以及治疗甲状腺癌转移。尽管在低风险甲状腺癌患者中使用 RAI 的益处存在争议，但它在大多数甲状腺癌患者中经常使用，并且与急性和长期风险和副作用明显相关。与 RAI 治疗相关的急性风险包括恶心和呕吐、味觉丧失、唾液腺肿胀和疼痛。长期并发症包括与口干症相关的复发性涎腺炎、口腔疼痛、龋齿、肺纤维化、鼻泪管流出道阻塞和第二原发恶性肿瘤。本文总结了 RAI 的常见并发症以及预防和管理这些并发症的方法。
