Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011 Feb;53(2):120-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03831.x. Epub 2010 Nov 18.
Paediatric electromyography (EMG) is an invaluable diagnostic test for the investigation of neuromuscular disease, but its use is inconsistent between and within different countries. One perception is that the procedure is painful; however, in comparison with common investigations performed routinely in children, EMG is better tolerated. While some developments, such as those within clinical genetics, would appear to mark its demise, paradoxically the more genetic abnormalities that are discovered in conditions such as hereditary neuropathy, the more precise a delineation of the phenotype is required. EMG has particular strengths in the diagnosis of neuropathies, motor neuronopathy and neuromuscular transmission disorders such as myasthenia. Also, it can supplement the investigation of myopathies. Areas of development include the diagnosis of myasthenia, delineation of bulbar palsy as a cause of dysphagia, more accurate and earlier prediction of prognosis in neonatal brachial palsy and investigation of channelopathies. It is a valuable diagnostic tool in developed countries and those with limited resources.
儿科肌电图（EMG）是神经肌肉疾病诊断的重要检查方法，但在不同国家和地区的使用情况并不一致。人们普遍认为该检查有一定痛苦，但与儿科常规进行的其他常见检查相比，肌电图的耐受性更好。尽管某些领域的发展（如临床遗传学）似乎预示着肌电图的终结，但具有遗传异常的疾病（如遗传性神经病）的发现越来越多，因此对表型的精确描述变得更加必要。肌电图在神经病、运动神经元病和神经肌肉传递障碍（如重症肌无力）的诊断中具有特殊优势。此外，它还可以辅助肌肉疾病的检查。肌电图的发展领域包括重症肌无力的诊断、作为吞咽困难病因的球麻痹的划分、新生儿臂丛神经麻痹预后更准确和更早的预测，以及通道病的检查。肌电图在发达国家和资源有限的国家都是一种有价值的诊断工具。
