Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos Engineering School, São Paulo University, Brazil.
Chemosphere. 2011 Feb;82(6):789-99. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.082. Epub 2010 Nov 18.
Estrogens constitute a recognized group of environmental emerging contaminants which have been proven to induce estrogenic effects in aquatic organisms exposed to them. Low removal efficiency in wastewater treatment plants results in the presence of this type of contaminants in surface waters and also even in finished drinking water. This manuscript reviews the environmental occurrence of natural (estrone, estradiol and estriol) and synthetic (ethynyl estradiol) estrogens in different water matrices (waste, surface, ground and drinking water), and their removal mainly via chemical oxidative processes. Oxidative treatments have been observed to be very efficient in eliminating estrogens present in water; however, disinfection by-products (DBPs) are generated during the process. Characterization of these DBPs is essential to assess the risk that drinking water may potentially pose to human health since these DBPs may also have endocrine disrupting properties. This manuscript reviews the DBPs generated during oxidative processes identified so far in the literature and the estrogenicity generated by the characterized DBPs and/or by the applied disinfection technology.
雌激素是一类已被证实具有雌激素效应的环境新兴污染物，属于公认的环境雌激素。由于在废水处理厂中的去除效率较低，这类污染物会出现在地表水甚至饮用水中。本文综述了不同水体基质（废水、地表水、地下水和饮用水）中天然（雌酮、雌二醇和雌三醇）和合成（乙炔基雌二醇）雌激素的环境出现情况，以及它们主要通过化学氧化过程去除的情况。氧化处理已被观察到在消除水中存在的雌激素方面非常有效，但在处理过程中会产生消毒副产物（DBPs）。对这些 DBPs 的特性进行分析对于评估饮用水可能对人类健康造成的潜在风险至关重要，因为这些 DBPs 也可能具有内分泌干扰特性。本文综述了迄今为止文献中报道的氧化过程中产生的 DBPs 以及所鉴定的 DBPs 和/或所采用的消毒技术产生的雌激素活性。
