Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Laboratory of Receptor Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Apr 20;714:136317. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136317. Epub 2019 Dec 26.
Some anthropogenic substances in drinking water are known or suspected endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), but EDCs are not routinely measured. We conducted a pilot study of 10 public drinking water utilities in Iowa, where common contaminants (e.g., pesticides) are suspected EDCs. Raw (untreated) and finished (treated) drinking water samples were collected in spring and fall and concentrated using solid phase extraction. We assessed multiple endocrine disrupting activities using novel mammalian cell-based assays that express nuclear steroid receptors (aryl hydrocarbon [AhR], androgenic [AR], thyroid [TR], estrogenic [ER] and glucocorticoid [GR]). We quantified each receptor's activation relative to negative controls and compared activity by season and utility/sample characteristics. Among 62 samples, 69% had AhR, 52% AR, 3% TR, 2% ER, and 0% GR activity. AhR and AR activities were detected more frequently in spring (p =0 .002 and < 0.001, respectively). AR activity was more common in samples of raw water (p =0 .02) and from surface water utilities (p =0 .05), especially in fall (p =0 .03). Multivariable analyses suggested spring season, surface water, and nitrate and disinfection byproduct concentrations as determinants of bioactivity. Our results demonstrate that AR and AhR activities are commonly found in Iowa drinking water, and that their detection varies by season and utility/sample characteristics. Screening EDCs with cell-based bioassays holds promise for characterizing population exposure to diverse EDCs mixtures.
一些饮用水中的人为物质是已知的或可疑的内分泌干扰化合物 (EDC)，但 EDC 并未常规测量。我们在爱荷华州的 10 个公共饮用水厂进行了一项试点研究，那里常见的污染物（例如杀虫剂）被怀疑是 EDC。在春季和秋季采集未处理的原水和处理后的饮用水样本，并使用固相萃取浓缩。我们使用新型哺乳动物细胞测定法评估了多种内分泌干扰活性，这些测定法表达了核甾体受体（芳烃 [AhR]、雄激素 [AR]、甲状腺 [TR]、雌激素 [ER] 和糖皮质激素 [GR]）。我们相对于阴性对照评估了每个受体的激活程度，并按季节和工厂/样本特征比较了活性。在 62 个样本中，有 69%的 AhR、52%的 AR、3%的 TR、2%的 ER 和 0%的 GR 活性。春季检测到 AhR 和 AR 活性的频率更高（p = 0.002 和 <0.001）。原水样本中 AR 活性更为常见（p = 0.02），地表水厂也更为常见（p = 0.05），尤其是在秋季（p = 0.03）。多变量分析表明，春季、地表水以及硝酸盐和消毒副产物浓度是生物活性的决定因素。我们的结果表明，AR 和 AhR 活性在爱荷华州饮用水中普遍存在，其检测结果因季节和工厂/样本特征而异。使用基于细胞的生物测定法筛选 EDC 有望描述对不同 EDC 混合物的人群暴露情况。
