Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France.
ACS Nano. 2011 Jan 25;5(1):26-41. doi: 10.1021/nn102598m. Epub 2010 Nov 23.
Graphene is one of the most promising materials in nanotechnology. The electronic and mechanical properties of graphene samples with high perfection of the atomic lattice are outstanding, but structural defects, which may appear during growth or processing, deteriorate the performance of graphene-based devices. However, deviations from perfection can be useful in some applications, as they make it possible to tailor the local properties of graphene and to achieve new functionalities. In this article, the present knowledge about point and line defects in graphene are reviewed. Particular emphasis is put on the unique ability of graphene to reconstruct its lattice around intrinsic defects, leading to interesting effects and potential applications. Extrinsic defects such as foreign atoms which are of equally high importance for designing graphene-based devices with dedicated properties are also discussed.
石墨烯是纳米技术中最有前途的材料之一。具有原子晶格高度完美的石墨烯样品具有出色的电子和机械性能，但在生长或加工过程中可能出现的结构缺陷会降低基于石墨烯的器件的性能。然而，与完美的偏差在某些应用中可能是有用的，因为它们使得能够调整石墨烯的局部性质并实现新的功能。本文综述了石墨烯中点和线缺陷的现有知识。特别强调了石墨烯围绕本征缺陷重构晶格的独特能力，从而导致了有趣的效应和潜在的应用。同样对于设计具有特定性质的基于石墨烯的器件，外来原子等同样重要的外生缺陷也进行了讨论。
