Richert R
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA.
Annu Rev Phys Chem. 2011;62:65-84. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-032210-103343.
Near their glass transition temperature T(g), supercooled liquids display dramatic changes regarding the dynamics if subject to geometrical restrictions on the scale of 2 to 200 nm. Confinement-induced shifts of T(g) of 25 K have been reported, equivalent to relaxation times that differ by several orders of magnitude compared with the bulk liquid at the same temperature. Both acceleration and frustration of structural relaxations have been observed, and the effects can depend strongly on the physical and chemical properties of the interface, on soft versus hard confinement, and on the size and dimensionality of the confining topology. This review attempts to extract a unifying picture from the past 20 years of diverse observations that involve experiments, simulations, and model considerations.
在接近其玻璃化转变温度T(g)时，如果受到2至200纳米尺度的几何限制，过冷液体在动力学方面会表现出显著变化。据报道，受限导致的T(g)位移可达25 K，这相当于与相同温度下的本体液体相比，弛豫时间相差几个数量级。结构弛豫的加速和受阻现象均已被观察到，而且这些效应可能强烈依赖于界面的物理和化学性质、软受限与硬受限情况，以及受限拓扑结构的尺寸和维度。这篇综述试图从过去20年涉及实验、模拟和模型考量的各种观察结果中提炼出一个统一的图景。
