Castner Edward W, Margulis Claudio J, Maroncelli Mark, Wishart James F
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8066, USA.
Annu Rev Phys Chem. 2011;62:85-105. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-032210-103421.
Ionic liquids are subjects of intense current interest within the physical chemistry community. A great deal of progress has been made in just the past five years toward identifying the factors that cause these salts to have low melting points and other useful properties. Supramolecular structure and organization have emerged as important and complicated topics that may be key to understanding how chemical reactions and other processes are affected by ionic liquids. New questions are posed, and an active debate is ongoing regarding the nature of nanoscale ordering in ionic liquids. The topic of reactivity in ionic liquids is still relatively unexplored; however, the results that have been obtained indicate that distributed kinetics and dynamical heterogeneity may sometimes, but not always, be influencing factors.
离子液体是物理化学界当前备受关注的课题。仅在过去五年里，在确定导致这些盐具有低熔点和其他有用特性的因素方面就取得了很大进展。超分子结构和组织已成为重要且复杂的课题，可能是理解化学反应和其他过程如何受到离子液体影响的关键。新问题不断涌现，关于离子液体中纳米级有序性的本质正在进行激烈的辩论。离子液体中的反应性课题仍相对未被探索；然而，已获得的结果表明，分布动力学和动态非均质性有时（但并非总是）可能是影响因素。
