Kling T F
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.
Orthop Clin North Am. 1990 Apr;21(2):381-92.
Fractures of the ankle (distal tibia) that involve the physis or the articular surface are one of the more common injuries for which operative treatment is indicated in children. It should be considered if accurate reduction of the articular surface, the physis, or both cannot be achieved by closed means. Operative treatment often will be required in Salter-Harris type III and IV fractures, juvenile Tillaux, and triplane fractures.
累及骨骺或关节面的踝关节（胫骨远端）骨折是儿童中较为常见的损伤之一，对此类损伤通常需进行手术治疗。如果通过闭合方法无法实现关节面、骨骺或两者的精确复位，则应考虑手术治疗。Salter-Harris III型和IV型骨折、青少年Tillaux骨折和三平面骨折通常需要进行手术治疗。
