Laboratory of Genetic and Environmental Epidemiology, Research Laboratories, John Paul II Centre for High Technology Research and Education in Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University, Largo Gemelli 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2012 Apr;22(4):347-54. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.07.006. Epub 2010 Nov 18.
The overall consumption of foods most frequently consumed in a typical Italian breakfast might be associated with a better cardiovascular risk profile in Italian adults.
18,177 subjects (53,2% women), aged ≥ 35 yrs, randomly selected from the Moli-sani Project population were studied. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) FFQ was used for dietary assessment. To derive breakfast pattern, an "a priori" approach was used: firstly, foods typical of the Italian breakfast were selected: milk, coffee, tea, yogurt, crispbread/rusks, breakfast cereals, brioche, biscuits, honey, sugar and jam. The breakfast score was obtained adding the amounts of all selected foods, expressed in grams/day, previously standardized to mean zero and standard deviation 1. Subjects showing a higher breakfast score appeared to be younger, more frequently women or smokers, with higher social status but less likely practicing physical activity. After multivariable analyses, subjects with a higher breakfast food consumption had a lower risk to have high body mass index, abdominal obesity, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol (P < 0.0001 for all) and C Reactive Protein (P = 0.022). The associations were unrelated to age, sex, smoking, obesity, physical activity and social status. Subjects with a higher food breakfast score also showed a better physical healthy status score, a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (OR = 0.63; 0.55-0.72 95% CI) and of future CVD (P < 0.0001 for both women and men).
Consumption of typical Italian breakfast foods positively affects CVD risk profile in an adult Italian population.
在意大利成年人中，经常食用典型意式早餐的食物总摄入量可能与更好的心血管风险状况有关。
本研究共纳入了 18177 名年龄≥35 岁的莫利萨尼项目人群作为研究对象（女性占 53.2%）。采用欧洲癌症前瞻性调查与营养队列研究（EPIC）的食物频率问卷进行饮食评估。为了得出早餐模式，我们采用了一种“先验”方法：首先，选择了意大利早餐的典型食物：牛奶、咖啡、茶、酸奶、脆饼干/烤面包、早餐麦片、奶油蛋卷、饼干、蜂蜜、糖和果酱。早餐评分是通过将所有选定食物的摄入量相加得到的，以克/天为单位，此前已标准化为平均值为 0，标准差为 1。早餐评分较高的受试者更年轻、更频繁地吸烟、社会地位更高，但更不可能进行体育锻炼。经过多变量分析，早餐食物摄入量较高的受试者发生体重指数、腹型肥胖、收缩压和舒张压、血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇升高（所有 P<0.0001）和 C 反应蛋白升高（P=0.022）的风险较低。这些关联与年龄、性别、吸烟、肥胖、体育锻炼和社会地位无关。早餐食物评分较高的受试者还表现出更好的身体健康状况评分、代谢综合征风险较低（OR=0.63；95%CI：0.55-0.72）和未来心血管疾病风险较低（女性和男性均 P<0.0001）。
在意大利成年人群中，食用典型的意大利早餐食物可对心血管疾病风险状况产生积极影响。
