Marti B, Dai S, Rickenbach M, Wietlisbach V, Bucher C, Barazzoni F, Gutzwiller F
Institut für Sozial- und Präventivmedizin der Universität Zürich.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1990 Dec 29;120(51-52):1976-88.
To evaluate the association of individual health habits with levels of cardiovascular risk factors such as serum cholesterol and blood pressure, data from a representative population sample of 860 men and 788 women, aged 25 to 64 years and residing in Western Switzerland, were analyzed cross-sectionally. The data had been collected during 1984/85 as a part of the WHO MONICA project, an international research project on the epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases. In age-adjusted analysis, a score of prudent diet was a reasonably strong inverse correlate of total cholesterol in men (p less than 0.001) but less so in women (p = 0.11); the diet score was unrelated to HDL cholesterol. In both genders, alcohol consumption was associated with elevated levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (men: both p less than 0.001; women: p = 0.05 and 0.01 respectively) and of HDL cholesterol (men and women: p less than 0.001). Coffee consumption was unrelated to either blood lipids or blood pressure. In both men and women, leisure-time exercise was a predictor of a low-risk lipid profile, i.e. a low total cholesterol/HDL ratio (both p less than 0.001). Better educated persons, especially women, revealed consistently lower levels of cardiovascular risk factors. The independent character of these lifestyle-risk factor-associations was largely confirmed in a multivariate analysis, with cigarette smoking emerging as another significant predictor of a deteriorated lipid profile, while education was not an independent determinant of biological risk factors. Lifestyle variables, including body mass index, explained 9 to 19% of variance in cardiovascular risk factors, with relative weight being the strongest of the predictors related to behaviour. Entering age and sex into the regression models enhanced the predictive power of the equations to 16 to 26% explained risk factor variance. We conclude from this population-based, cross-sectional study that personal health habits such as diet, exercise, alcohol consumption and smoking, as well as body weight are significantly and independently related to blood lipid and blood pressure levels; the apparent size of effect of these behavioural traits on biological risk factors for cardiovascular diseases was only modest, but it may nevertheless be relevant to prevention.
为评估个人健康习惯与血清胆固醇和血压等心血管危险因素水平之间的关联，我们对居住在瑞士西部、年龄在25至64岁之间的860名男性和788名女性的代表性人群样本数据进行了横断面分析。这些数据是在1984/85年作为世界卫生组织心血管疾病流行病学国际研究项目MONICA项目的一部分收集的。在年龄调整分析中，谨慎饮食得分与男性总胆固醇呈相当强的负相关（p<0.001），而与女性的相关性较弱（p = 0.11）；饮食得分与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇无关。在男女两性中，饮酒与收缩压和舒张压升高有关（男性：两者p<0.001；女性：分别为p = 0.05和0.01）以及与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高有关（男性和女性：p<0.001）。咖啡消费与血脂或血压均无关。在男性和女性中，休闲时间运动是低风险血脂谱的一个预测因素，即低总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白比值（两者p<0.001）。受教育程度较高的人，尤其是女性，心血管危险因素水平一直较低。在多变量分析中，这些生活方式与危险因素之间的关联的独立性在很大程度上得到了证实，吸烟成为血脂谱恶化的另一个重要预测因素，而教育不是生物危险因素的独立决定因素。包括体重指数在内的生活方式变量解释了心血管危险因素中9%至19%的变异，相对体重是与行为相关的最强预测因素。将年龄和性别纳入回归模型可将方程的预测能力提高到解释危险因素变异的16%至26%。我们从这项基于人群的横断面研究得出结论，饮食、运动、饮酒和吸烟以及体重等个人健康习惯与血脂和血压水平显著且独立相关；这些行为特征对心血管疾病生物危险因素的明显影响程度虽不大，但仍可能与预防相关。
