The Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, National University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Immunity. 2010 Nov 24;33(5):657-70. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.11.011.
Neutrophils are produced in the bone marrow from stem cells that proliferate and differentiate to mature neutrophils fully equipped with an armory of granules. These contain proteins that enable the neutrophil to deliver lethal hits against microorganisms, but also to cause great tissue damage. Neutrophils circulate in the blood as dormant cells. At sites of infection, endothelial cells capture bypassing neutrophils and guide them through the endothelial cell lining whereby the neutrophils are activated and tuned for the subsequent interaction with microbes. Once in tissues, neutrophils kill microorganisms by microbicidal agents liberated from granules or generated by metabolic activation. As a final act, neutrophils can extrude stands of DNA with bactericidal proteins attached that act as extracellular traps for microorganisms.
中性粒细胞由骨髓中的干细胞增殖和分化而来，成熟的中性粒细胞完全配备了一系列颗粒。这些颗粒中含有使中性粒细胞能够对微生物发起致命攻击的蛋白质，但也会导致严重的组织损伤。中性粒细胞在血液中作为休眠细胞循环。在感染部位，内皮细胞捕获并引导游走的中性粒细胞穿过内皮细胞衬里，从而使中性粒细胞被激活，并为随后与微生物的相互作用做好准备。一旦进入组织，中性粒细胞就会通过从颗粒中释放或通过代谢激活产生的杀菌剂杀死微生物。作为最后的手段，中性粒细胞可以排出带有杀菌蛋白的 DNA 链，这些 DNA 链充当微生物的细胞外陷阱。
