Sejersen Kristina, Eriksson Mats B, Larsson Anders O
Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
Unilabs AB, 17154 Stockholm, Sweden.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jul 4;26(13):6476. doi: 10.3390/ijms26136476.
Calprotectin, the most abundant cytosolic protein in neutrophils, is a S100A8/S100A9 heterodimer released during immune activation. It inhibits bacterial growth by binding to essential metal ions and contributes to inflammation and leukocyte migration. This review highlights calprotectin's potential as a diagnostic marker for bacterial infections and inflammation. Clinical trials demonstrate that calprotectin is at least as effective as C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and white blood cell counts in predicting bacterial infections. The rapid elevation of calprotectin levels in the early stages of sepsis, pneumonia, brain injury, and transplant complications underscores its diagnostic value. Predictive use of calprotectin may reduce ICU stays, mortality, and costs. However, challenges remain, including assay standardization and bacterial-viral differentiation. Advanced methods, such as the particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay, enable faster and more reliable measurements. While calprotectin shows promise, further standardization and clinical validation are necessary to optimize its diagnostic utility.
钙卫蛋白是中性粒细胞中含量最丰富的胞质蛋白，是免疫激活过程中释放的一种S100A8/S100A9异二聚体。它通过与必需金属离子结合来抑制细菌生长，并促进炎症和白细胞迁移。本综述强调了钙卫蛋白作为细菌感染和炎症诊断标志物的潜力。临床试验表明，在预测细菌感染方面，钙卫蛋白至少与C反应蛋白、降钙素原和白细胞计数一样有效。在脓毒症、肺炎、脑损伤和移植并发症的早期阶段，钙卫蛋白水平迅速升高，突出了其诊断价值。钙卫蛋白的预测性应用可能会减少重症监护病房（ICU）住院时间、死亡率和成本。然而，挑战依然存在，包括检测标准化和细菌与病毒的区分。先进的方法，如颗粒增强比浊免疫分析，能够实现更快、更可靠的测量。虽然钙卫蛋白显示出前景，但进一步的标准化和临床验证对于优化其诊断效用是必要的。
