Landau-Levich menisci.

As shown by Landau, Levich and Derjaguin, a plate withdrawn out of a wetting bath at low capillary numbers deforms the very top of the liquid reservoir. At this place, a dynamic meniscus forms, whose shape and curvature select the thickness of the film entrained by the plate. In this paper, we measure accurately the thickness of the entrained film by reflectometry, and characterize the dynamic meniscus, which is found to decay exponentially towards the film. We show how this shape is modified when reversing the motion: as a plate penetrates the bath, the dynamic meniscus can "buckle" and present a stationary wavy profile, which we discuss.