Department of Cognitive Psychology and Ergonomics, Faculty of Behavioral Sciences, University of Twente, Postbus 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
Brain Cogn. 2011 Mar;75(2):126-34. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2010.10.013. Epub 2010 Nov 20.
Learning movement sequences is thought to develop from an initial controlled attentive phase to a more automatic inattentive phase. Furthermore, execution of sequences becomes faster with practice, which may result from changes at a general motor processing level rather than at an effector specific motor processing level. In the current study, we examined whether these changes are already present during preparation. Fixed series of six keypresses, either familiar or unfamiliar, had to be prepared and executed/withheld after a go/nogo signal. Reaction time results confirmed that familiar sequences were executed faster than unfamiliar sequences. Results derived from the electroencephalogram showed a decreased demand on general motor preparation and visual-working memory before familiar sequences as compared to unfamiliar sequences. We propose that with familiar sequences the presetting segments of responses is less demanding than with unfamiliar sequences, as familiar sequences can be regarded as less complex than unfamiliar sequences. Finally, the decreasing demand on visual-working memory before familiar sequences suggests that sequence learning indeed develops from an attentive to an automatic phase.
学习运动序列被认为是从最初的受控注意阶段发展到更自动的非注意阶段。此外，随着练习，序列的执行速度会变快，这可能是由于一般运动处理水平的变化，而不是特定效应器的运动处理水平的变化。在本研究中，我们研究了这些变化是否在准备阶段就已经存在。固定的六次按键序列，无论是熟悉的还是不熟悉的，都必须在 Go/Nogo 信号后准备和执行/抑制。反应时间的结果证实，熟悉的序列比不熟悉的序列执行得更快。脑电图得出的结果表明，与不熟悉的序列相比，在熟悉的序列中，对一般运动准备和视觉工作记忆的需求减少。我们提出，与不熟悉的序列相比，熟悉的序列对响应的预设段的要求较低，因为熟悉的序列可以被认为比不熟悉的序列更简单。最后，在熟悉的序列之前，对视觉工作记忆的需求减少表明，序列学习确实是从注意阶段发展到自动阶段。
