Verwey Willem B, Glinski Benedikt, Kuo Min-Fang, Salehinejad Mohammad Ali, Nitsche Michael A
Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, Department of Learning, Data-Analytics and Technology, Cognition, Data and Education Section, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Department of Kinesiology, Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Exp Brain Res. 2022 Jun;240(6):1743-1755. doi: 10.1007/s00221-022-06358-y. Epub 2022 Apr 7.
Earlier research suggested that after 210 practice trials, the supplementary motor area (SMA) is involved in executing all responses of familiar 6-key sequences in a discrete sequence production (DSP) task (Verwey, Lammens, and van Honk, 2002). This was indicated by slowing of each response 20 and 25 min after the SMA had been stimulated for 20 min using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The present study used a similar approach to assess the effects of TMS to the more posterior SMAproper at the end of practice and also 24 h later. As expected stimulation of SMAproper with 20 min of 1 Hz rTMS and 40 s of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) immediately after practice slowed sequence execution relative to a sham TMS condition, but stimulation on the day following practice did not cause slowing. This indicates that offline consolidation makes learning robust against stimulation of SMAproper. Execution of all responses in the sequence was disrupted 0, 20, and 40 min after rTMS, but after cTBS, this occurred only after 40 min. The results suggest that it is implicit sequence knowledge that is processed by the SMAproper and that consolidates.
早期研究表明，在进行210次练习试验后，辅助运动区（SMA）参与在离散序列生成（DSP）任务中执行熟悉的6键序列的所有反应（Verwey、Lammens和van Honk，2002年）。这一点通过在使用重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）对SMA进行20分钟刺激后20分钟和25分钟时每个反应的减慢得以体现。本研究采用类似方法，在练习结束时以及24小时后评估经颅磁刺激对更靠后的SMA固有区的影响。正如预期的那样，练习后立即用1赫兹rTMS刺激SMA固有区20分钟以及连续theta爆发刺激（cTBS）40秒，相对于假刺激经颅磁刺激条件，会减慢序列执行速度，但练习后第二天的刺激并未导致减慢。这表明离线巩固使学习对SMA固有区的刺激具有抗性。在经颅磁刺激后0分钟、20分钟和40分钟，序列中所有反应的执行均受到干扰，但在连续theta爆发刺激后，这种情况仅在40分钟后出现。结果表明，由SMA固有区处理并巩固的是内隐序列知识。
