Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803, USA.
J Dairy Sci. 2010 Dec;93(12):6012-22. doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-3425.
The introduction of new technology, management practices, and alternative production systems has resulted in rapid structural change in the US dairy industry. This paper examines adoption rates and adopter characteristics for the following dairy technologies, practices, and systems: holding pen with an udder washer, milking units with automatic take-offs, genetic selection technologies, recombinant bovine somatotropin, membership in the Dairy Herd Improvement Association, computerized feed delivery systems, computerized milking systems, use of a nutritionist to design feed rations, grazing, milking cows 3 times daily, and milking parlors. Four of these were used on a greater percentage of farms in 2005 than in 2000, but increased farm sizes and the interaction of farm size with adoption suggest a greater percentage of milk being produced under each, with the exception of grazing. Except for grazing, technologies were generally complementary.
新技术、管理实践和替代生产系统的引入，导致美国奶业迅速发生结构变化。本文考察了以下奶牛养殖技术、管理实践和系统的采用率和采用者特征：带挤奶机的牛栏、带自动脱杯装置的挤奶设备、基因选择技术、重组牛生长激素、奶牛改良协会会员制、饲料配送系统、电脑挤奶系统、营养师设计饲料配方、放牧、每日挤奶 3 次以及奶牛饲养场。其中有 4 项在 2005 年的采用率高于 2000 年，但农场规模的扩大以及农场规模与采用之间的相互作用表明，除了放牧以外，每一种技术都有更大比例的牛奶在生产，除了放牧。除了放牧以外，各种技术通常是互补的。
