Covert H H
Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0233.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1990 Mar;81(3):381-97. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330810308.
Study of over 1,000 specimens representing all notharctine genera and species leads to the conclusion that current concepts about the relationships of genera within the Notharctinae are incorrect. The following describes the more probable relationships among these genera. 1) Smilodectes and Notharctus are more closely related to each other than either is to any known early Eocene notharctine. Synapomorphies linking these genera include relatively narrow upper and lower molars, a relatively low-crowned P4, and paraconid size reduction on M1-3. 2) Among known Wasatchian notharctines, a clade consisting of Copelemur tutus and Cop. praetutus shares several lower molar synapomorphies with the Notharctus-Smilodectes clade, and therefore appears to form the Wasatchian sister group of Bridgerian notharctines. Synapomorphies documenting this relationship include well-developed entoconid notches on P4-M2, an anteriorly placed paraconid on M2, and a long premetacristid on M2. 3) Copelemur and Pelycodus are independently derived from early North American Cantius. Recent suggestions that the European adapine taxa Leptadapis priscus and Microadapis sciureus share special phylogenetic relationships with Smilodectes are rejected. The reduced (or lack of a) paraconid and morphology of the paracristid and other features identified as synapomorphies linking these adapines with Smilodectes are also characteristic of most other adapines as well (e.g., other species of Leptadapis, Adapis, Europolemur, and Anchomomys). Such traits developed independently in Smilodectes, which is clearly a notharctine on the basis of many synapomorphies and thus are not evidence of a close phylogenetic relationship between Smilodectes and L. priscus or M. sciureus.
对代表所有北狐猴科属和物种的1000多个标本进行研究后得出结论，即目前关于北狐猴亚科内各属之间关系的概念是不正确的。以下描述了这些属之间更可能的关系。1） 斯氏狐猴属（Smilodectes）和北狐猴属（Notharctus）彼此之间的关系比它们与任何已知的始新世早期北狐猴科动物的关系更为密切。连接这些属的共同衍征包括相对狭窄的上、下臼齿、相对低冠的P4以及M1 - 3上副尖大小的减小。2） 在已知的瓦萨奇阶北狐猴科动物中，一个由图氏科普狐猴（Copelemur tutus）和前图氏科普狐猴（Cop. praetutus）组成的分支与北狐猴属 - 斯氏狐猴属分支共享几个下臼齿共同衍征，因此似乎构成了布里奇阶北狐猴科动物的瓦萨奇阶姐妹群。记录这种关系的共同衍征包括P4 - M2上发育良好的内尖凹口、M2上前置的副尖以及M2上长的前原嵴。3） 科普狐猴属和佩氏狐猴属（Pelycodus）是从早期北美坎蒂猴属（Cantius）独立演化而来的。最近关于欧洲兔猴类群普氏瘦猴（Leptadapis priscus）和科学小瘦猴（Microadapis sciureus）与斯氏狐猴属有特殊系统发育关系的观点被否定。被确定为连接这些兔猴类与斯氏狐猴属的共同衍征的副尖减小（或没有）以及副嵴形态和其他特征，在大多数其他兔猴类中也很典型（例如，瘦猴属的其他物种、兔猴属、欧洲狐猴属和锚猴属）。这些特征在斯氏狐猴属中是独立演化形成的，基于许多共同衍征，斯氏狐猴属显然是北狐猴科动物，因此这些特征并不是斯氏狐猴属与普氏瘦猴或科学小瘦猴之间存在密切系统发育关系的证据。
