Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5339 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9110, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 2011 Jan;95(1):153-9. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2010.08.028.
The most common causes of hematuria in adults include urinary tract infections, urolithiasis, benign prostatic enlargement, and urologic malignancy. Once hematuria is confirmed, its cause should be investigated through a comprehensive history, a focused physical examination, laboratory studies, an image-based assessment of the upper urinary tract, and a cystoscopic evaluation of the lower urinary system. Prompt evaluation and appropriate referral of patients with documented hematuria should be initiated in the primary care setting according to the proposed guidelines, and aimed at cost-effective and early detection of urologic abnormality.
成年人血尿最常见的病因包括尿路感染、尿路结石、良性前列腺增生和泌尿系统恶性肿瘤。一旦血尿被确认，应通过全面的病史、有针对性的体格检查、实验室研究、上尿路的基于影像学的评估以及下尿路的膀胱镜检查来调查其病因。根据提出的指南，在初级保健环境中应及时评估和适当转介有血尿记录的患者，目的是在经济有效的情况下及早发现泌尿系统异常。
