Menzies School of Health Research, Casuarina, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
Dermatol Clin. 2011 Jan;29(1):21-32. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2010.09.005.
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) caused by Staphylococcus aureus are very common, particularly in children, in tropical regions. The proportion of S aureus SSTI caused by community-associated methicillin-resistant S aureus (CA-MRSA) varies according to region, but is up to 25% in some areas. There are diverse CA-MRSA clones, including several that harbor Panton-Valentine leukocidin. Key predisposing factors for staphylococcal infections are scabies infestation, overcrowding, poor hygiene, and inadequate water supplies. In the setting of a community outbreak of staphylococcal SSTI, interventions intended to improve personal and community hygiene are likely to be the most practical, effective, and achievable. Options for oral treatment of clinical infections caused by CA-MRSA include clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Although rapid diagnostics are now available, and 2 vaccines have reached clinical trials, neither of these is likely to be of use in tropical, developing regions in the near future.
金黄色葡萄球菌引起的皮肤和软组织感染（SSTI）非常常见，特别是在儿童和热带地区。由社区相关性耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（CA-MRSA）引起的 S aureus SSTI 的比例因地区而异，但在某些地区高达 25%。CA-MRSA 存在多种克隆，包括一些携带杀白细胞素的克隆。金黄色葡萄球菌感染的主要易感因素包括疥疮感染、过度拥挤、卫生条件差和供水不足。在社区爆发金黄色葡萄球菌 SSTI 的情况下，旨在改善个人和社区卫生的干预措施可能是最实用、最有效和最可行的。治疗 CA-MRSA 引起的临床感染的口服治疗选择包括克林霉素和复方磺胺甲噁唑。尽管现在有快速诊断方法，并且有 2 种疫苗已进入临床试验，但在不久的将来，这两种方法都不太可能在热带发展中地区使用。
