Varghese Shainy B
University of Houston Victoria, Sugar Land, Texas 77479, USA.
Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2010 Dec;22(4):515-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2010.09.005.
Cultural, ethical, and spiritual implications of disaster depend on various factors. The impact of a disaster on a particular culture depends on the people in that culture and the strength and resilience of the culture. Disasters may slow cultural development; however, typically the customs, beliefs, and value systems remain the same even if the outward expressions of culture change. Critical to survivors is the implication of aid that is culturally sensitive. Ethical questions and dilemmas associated with disasters and their management are profound. Adhering to ethical principles does not solve all of the issues related to disaster management, but awareness of their utility is important. People affected by a disaster may not be capable of responding to human rights violations, so it is the first responders who must be cognizant of their responsibility to protect the victims’ dignity and rights. Ethical treatment of survivors entails a crucial blend of knowledge about ethnic culture, religious beliefs, and human rights. A strong awareness of ethical principles is merely a beginning step to well-informed decision making in disaster situations. The literature also suggests that during a crisis, spirituality helps victims to cope. Important to any catastrophic event is the understanding that every disaster creates unique circumstances that require relief responses tailored to the specific situation.
灾难的文化、伦理和精神层面的影响取决于多种因素。一场灾难对特定文化的影响取决于该文化中的人们以及文化的力量和韧性。灾难可能会减缓文化发展；然而，通常情况下，即使文化的外在表现形式发生变化，其习俗、信仰和价值体系依然保持不变。对幸存者而言至关重要的是具有文化敏感性的援助所带来的影响。与灾难及其管理相关的伦理问题和困境意义深远。坚持伦理原则并不能解决与灾难管理相关的所有问题，但认识到其效用很重要。受灾民众可能无力应对侵犯人权行为，因此，首先做出反应的人员必须意识到自己有责任保护受害者的尊严和权利。对幸存者进行符合伦理的对待需要将有关民族文化、宗教信仰和人权的知识进行关键融合。强烈的伦理原则意识仅仅是在灾难情况下做出明智决策的第一步。文献还表明，在危机期间，精神层面的东西有助于受害者应对。对任何灾难性事件而言，重要的是要明白，每场灾难都会创造出独特的情况，这就需要针对具体情况量身定制救援应对措施。
