炼油厂工人的呼吸和鼻部症状、免疫变化和肺功能。

Respiratory and nasal symptoms, immunological changes and lung function among petroleum refinery workers.

机构信息

Institute of Occupational Health--WHO Collaborating Center for Occupational Health, Skopje, R. Macedonia.

出版信息

Med Lav. 2010 Sep-Oct;101(5):364-74.

PMID:21105591

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To assess adverse respiratory effects and immunological changes among petroleum refinery workers.

METHODS

We performed a cross-sectional study including 80 subjects employed in the coking unit of a petroleum refinery (54 males and 26 females, aged 28-56 years, duration of exposure 7-28 years) and an equal number of office workers, matched by sex, age and smoking habits. Asthma and allergic rhinitis diagnosed by a physician, as well as respiratory and nasal symptoms in the last 12 months, were recorded by questionnaire. Evaluation of the subjects under study also included skin prick tests for common inhalable allergens and lung function tests.

RESULTS

We found a similar prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in both examined groups. Prevalence of overall respiratory symptoms was higher among petroleum refinery workers (33.7% vs. 22.5%) with a statistically significant difference for cough (30.0% vs. 13. 7%, p = 0.018) and wheezing (21.1% vs. 8.6%, p = 0.029). Prevalence of overall nasal symptoms was higher among petrol refinery workers (36.2% vs. 23.7%) with a statistically significant difference for runny nose (28.7% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.014). We found a similar prevalence of allergic sensitization to common inhalable allergens in both examined groups. The results of lung function tests showed significantly lower value of MEF50 (61.9% vs. 67.4%, p = 0.019) and MEF75 (56.1% vs. 62.9%, p = 0.000) among petroleum refinery workers. Respiratory impairment was observed in both smoking and non-smoking petroleum refinery workers.

CONCLUSION

Our data suggest that workplace exposure among petroleum refinery workers may lead to respiratory and nasal symptoms and lung function impairment.

摘要

目的

评估石油炼制工人的不良呼吸影响和免疫变化。

方法

我们进行了一项横断面研究，纳入了 80 名在炼油厂焦化装置工作的工人（54 名男性和 26 名女性，年龄 28-56 岁，接触时间 7-28 年）和相同数量的办公室工作人员，按性别、年龄和吸烟习惯匹配。由医生诊断的哮喘和过敏性鼻炎，以及过去 12 个月的呼吸和鼻部症状，通过问卷记录。对研究对象的评估还包括常见吸入性过敏原的皮肤点刺试验和肺功能检查。

结果

我们发现两组的哮喘和过敏性鼻炎患病率相似。石油炼制工人的总体呼吸症状患病率较高（33.7%比 22.5%），咳嗽（30.0%比 13.7%，p=0.018）和喘息（21.1%比 8.6%，p=0.029）有统计学显著差异。石油炼制工人的总体鼻部症状患病率较高（36.2%比 23.7%），流鼻涕（28.7%比 12.5%，p=0.014）有统计学显著差异。两组对常见吸入性过敏原的过敏敏化率相似。肺功能检查结果显示，石油炼制工人的 MEF50（61.9%比 67.4%，p=0.019）和 MEF75（56.1%比 62.9%，p=0.000）值明显较低。吸烟和非吸烟的石油炼制工人都存在呼吸功能障碍。