Screening systems for the identification of S-nitrosylated proteins.

S-nitrosylation is a well-characterized reaction involving the covalent binding of nitric oxide (NO) to cysteine residues (Cys) in a protein. Similar to protein phosphorylation, S-nitrosylation is a post-translational modification involved in the regulation of a large number of intracellular functions and signaling events. Moreover, like phosphorylation, S-nitrosylation is precisely regulated in time and space. A procedure known as the biotin-switch method that specifically detects S-nitrosylated proteins (SNO-P) was recently developed by Snyder's group. They found that many proteins are substrates for NO, and several groups have attempted to identify other SNO-P by improving this method. In this review, we describe the SNO-P identified using modified versions of the biotin-switch method.