Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Département de Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Prog Brain Res. 2010;187:189-211. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53613-6.00013-7.
During locomotion, specialized neural networks referred to as "central pattern generators" ensure precise temporal relations between the axial segments, both in limbed and limbless vertebrates. These neural networks are intrinsically capable of generating coordinated patterns of rhythmic activity in the absence of sensory feedback or descending command from higher brain centers. Rhythmogenesis in these neural circuits lies on several mechanisms, both at the cellular and the network levels. In this chapter, we compare the anatomical organization of the axial networks, the role of identified spinal neurons, and their interactions in rhythmogenesis in four species: lamprey, zebrafish, Xenopus tadpole, and salamander. The comparison suggests that several principles in axial network design are phylogenetically conserved among vertebrates.
在运动过程中，被称为“中枢模式发生器”的专门神经网络确保了轴向节段之间的精确时间关系，无论是在有肢动物还是无肢动物中都是如此。这些神经网络本身就能够在没有感觉反馈或来自大脑高级中枢的下行命令的情况下产生协调的节律活动模式。这些神经回路中的节律发生依赖于几个机制，既有细胞水平的也有网络水平的。在这一章中，我们比较了四个物种（七鳃鳗、斑马鱼、非洲爪蟾蝌蚪和蝾螈）的轴向网络的解剖组织、已鉴定的脊髓神经元的作用及其在节律发生中的相互作用。比较表明，轴向网络设计中的几个原则在脊椎动物中是进化保守的。
