Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
New Phytol. 2011 Jan;189(1):54-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03540.x.
Sodium (Na) toxicity is one of the most formidable challenges for crop production world-wide. Nevertheless, despite decades of intensive research, the pathways of Na(+) entry into the roots of plants under high salinity are still not definitively known. Here, we review critically the current paradigms in this field. In particular, we explore the evidence supporting the role of nonselective cation channels, potassium transporters, and transporters from the HKT family in primary sodium influx into plant roots, and their possible roles elsewhere. We furthermore discuss the evidence for the roles of transporters from the NHX and SOS families in intracellular Na(+) partitioning and removal from the cytosol of root cells. We also review the literature on the physiology of Na(+) fluxes and cytosolic Na(+) concentrations in roots and invite critical interpretation of seminal published data in these areas. The main focus of the review is Na(+) transport in glycophytes, but reference is made to literature on halophytes where it is essential to the analysis.
钠离子（Na）毒性是全球作物生产面临的最严峻挑战之一。尽管经过数十年的深入研究，在高盐度条件下植物根部钠离子进入的途径仍未得到明确证实。在这里，我们批判性地回顾了该领域的现有范式。特别是，我们探讨了支持非选择性阳离子通道、钾转运体以及 HKT 家族转运体在植物根部初级钠离子内流中的作用的证据，以及它们在其他地方的可能作用。我们还讨论了 NHX 和 SOS 家族转运体在细胞内钠离子分配和从根细胞质中去除钠离子的作用的证据。我们还回顾了关于根中钠离子通量和细胞质中钠离子浓度的生理学文献，并邀请对这些领域中已发表的重要数据进行批判性解释。本综述的主要重点是在盐生植物中，但是在分析时必须参考盐生植物的文献。
