Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 240 East Huron Ave., McGraw M-334, Chicago, IL 60611-2909, USA.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2011 Mar;300(3):C385-93. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00485.2010. Epub 2010 Dec 1.
Adaptation to lowering oxygen levels (hypoxia) requires coordinated downregulation of metabolic demand and supply to prevent a mismatch in ATP utilization and production that might culminate in a bioenergetic collapse. Hypoxia diminishes ATP utilization by downregulating protein translation and the activity of the Na-K-ATPase. Hypoxia diminishes ATP production in part by lowering the activity of the electron transport chain through activation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1. The decrease in electron transport limits the overproduction of reactove oxygen species during hypoxia and slows the rate of oxygen depletion to prevent anoxia. In this review, we discuss these mechanisms that diminish metabolic supply and demand for adaptation to hypoxia.
适应低氧水平（缺氧）需要协调下调代谢需求和供应，以防止 ATP 利用和产生之间的不匹配，否则可能导致生物能量崩溃。缺氧通过下调蛋白质翻译和 Na-K-ATP 酶的活性来减少 ATP 的利用。缺氧部分通过激活转录因子缺氧诱导因子-1 来降低电子传递链的活性来减少 ATP 的产生。电子传递的减少限制了缺氧期间活性氧物质的过度产生，并减缓了氧气消耗的速度，以防止缺氧。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了这些机制，这些机制可以减少代谢供应和需求，以适应缺氧。
