Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4.
Br J Nutr. 2011 Feb;105(3):329-38. doi: 10.1017/S0007114510003533. Epub 2010 Dec 6.
Risk of developing the metabolic syndrome may be influenced by nutritional environment early in life. We examined the effects of high-fibre (HF) and high-protein (HP) diets consumed during pregnancy and lactation on satiety hormones and expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in offspring. Wistar dams were fed a control (C), HF or HP diets during pregnancy and lactation. At parturition, litters were culled to ten pups. At 21 d, all pups were weaned onto C diet. At 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 d after birth, blood was analysed for satiety hormones and tissues for mRNA expression in offspring. No differences were observed in litter size or birth weight. At 21 d, offspring of HF dams had greater adjusted intestinal mass and lower liver weight than those of C but not of HP dams. Plasma glucose at 28 d and amylin at 7, 14 and 28 d were lower in HF v. C and HP offspring. Glucagon-like peptide-1 was higher in HP offspring than in HF offspring at 7 d but was higher in HF v. C offspring at 21 d. Offspring of HF dams had higher glucose transporter (GLUT2 and Na+-dependent glucose/galactose transporter) mRNA expression at 21 d v. C and HP offspring. In brown adipose tissue, HF and HP up-regulated uncoupling protein-1 and PPAR-γ coactivator. HP was associated with increased resistin and IL-6 mRNA expression. The present study demonstrates that maternal diet composition differentially regulates circulating satiety hormones and genes involved in glucose transport and energy metabolism in offspring. These early changes could have long-term consequences for obesity risk.
发生代谢综合征的风险可能受到生命早期营养环境的影响。我们研究了妊娠期和哺乳期高纤维（HF）和高蛋白（HP）饮食对后代饱腹感激素和葡萄糖及脂质代谢相关基因表达的影响。Wistar 孕鼠在妊娠期和哺乳期分别喂食对照（C）、HF 或 HP 饮食。分娩时，将窝产仔数减少到 10 只。21 日龄时，所有幼仔均转为 C 饮食。在出生后第 7、14、21、28 和 35 天，分析幼仔的血液饱腹感激素和组织中的基因表达。窝产仔数或初生重无差异。21 日龄时，HF 组母鼠的幼仔肠道质量比 C 组更大，肝脏重量比 C 组更小，但与 HP 组无差异。28 日龄时，HF 组幼仔的血糖低于 C 组和 HP 组；7、14 和 28 日龄时，HF 组幼仔的胰淀素水平低于 C 组和 HP 组。7 日龄时，HP 组幼仔的胰高血糖素样肽-1水平高于 HF 组，但 21 日龄时，HF 组幼仔的胰高血糖素样肽-1水平高于 C 组。21 日龄时，HF 组母鼠的幼仔的葡萄糖转运蛋白（GLUT2 和 Na+-依赖性葡萄糖/半乳糖转运蛋白）mRNA 表达高于 C 组和 HP 组。在棕色脂肪组织中，HF 和 HP 增加了解偶联蛋白-1 和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子。HP 与抵抗素和白细胞介素-6 mRNA 表达增加有关。本研究表明，母体饮食成分可差异化调节后代的循环饱腹感激素和参与葡萄糖转运及能量代谢的基因。这些早期变化可能对肥胖风险产生长期影响。
