Cazzola M, Ariano R, Gioia V, Mancini V, Rimoldi R, Scala G, Scoccia S, Girbino G
Department of Pneumology, A. Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Clin Ther. 1990 Mar-Apr;12(2):105-17.
Patients who were cigarette smokers suffering exacerbations of chronic bronchitis were examined in eight outpatient clinics in five regions of Italy, three from the South (Campania, 82 patients; Sicily, 82 patients; and Puglia, 29 patients) and two from North (Lombardy, 33 patients; and Liguria, 50 patients). Haemophilus influenzae was the most frequently isolated bacterium in the patients' sputum (in 30% of the total group), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (in 20%), Staphylococcus aureus (in 25%), and Branhamella catarrhalis (in 7%). H. influenzae was the most common bacterium in the South (in 37%) and S aureus in the North (in 13%). Smoking index scores (number of cigarettes smoked daily x years of smoking) were 827 in patients in whom H influenzae was isolated; 691 in patients with S aureus; 599 in patients with S pneumoniae; 542 in patients with B catarrhalis; and 446 in patients in whom no isolates were found. Pulmonary function was most severely decreased in patients positive for H influenzae and S aureus. The results indicate an association between heavy cigarette smoking and lower respiratory tract infections that is influenced by regional differences.
在意大利五个地区的八家门诊诊所，对患有慢性支气管炎急性加重期的吸烟患者进行了检查。其中三家来自南部（坎帕尼亚，82例患者；西西里岛，82例患者；普利亚，29例患者），两家来自北部（伦巴第，33例患者；利古里亚，50例患者）。流感嗜血杆菌是患者痰液中最常分离出的细菌（占总病例数的30%），其次是肺炎链球菌（20%）、金黄色葡萄球菌（25%）和卡他莫拉菌（7%）。流感嗜血杆菌在南部最为常见（37%），而金黄色葡萄球菌在北部最为常见（13%）。分离出流感嗜血杆菌的患者吸烟指数评分（每日吸烟支数×吸烟年数）为827；金黄色葡萄球菌感染患者为691；肺炎链球菌感染患者为599；卡他莫拉菌感染患者为542；未分离出细菌的患者为446。流感嗜血杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌检测呈阳性的患者肺功能下降最为严重。结果表明，重度吸烟与下呼吸道感染之间存在关联，且这种关联受地区差异影响。
