Dept. of Hygiene, Microbiology & Social Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria.
Immunobiology. 2011 Jun;216(6):670-7. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2010.11.001. Epub 2010 Nov 16.
Indian hemp is used since thousands of years as herbal drug. We found that a single dose of cannabis resin was equally active as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) enhancing severity and duration of symptoms in vaccinia virus infected mice. Cowpox virus did not cause symptomatic disease, but some reduction of specific antibody production was observed in drug treated animals. In vitro cannabis was superior to THC alone at inhibiting mitogen stimulated proliferation of human and mouse spleen cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Also resin sub-fractions other than THC, cannabidiol and cannabinol, recovered also from cigarette smoke, were found inhibitory, suggesting additional involvement of constituents other than psychoactive THC. The immunoregulatory effects must be differentiated from apoptotic effects on spleen cells and lymphocytic mouse cell lines, which were observed with resin and THC but not with cannabidiol or cannabinol. A significant contribution of cytotoxic effects seems unlikely as drug treated lymphocytes were still capable of producing cytokines after T-cell receptor-specific stimulation. Considering a recent case of unusually severe cowpox virus infection in a young drug taker these data confirm a risk of "soft drugs" for acquiring poxvirus infection or enhancing side effects of the smallpox vaccine and perhaps also other live vaccines.
印度大麻作为草药已有数千年的历史。我们发现，大麻树脂的单剂量与Δ9-四氢大麻酚（THC）同样有效，可增强牛痘病毒感染小鼠的症状严重程度和持续时间。牛痘病毒不会引起症状性疾病，但在用药动物中观察到特定抗体产生减少。在体外，大麻在抑制人源和鼠源脾细胞和外周血单个核细胞有丝分裂原刺激增殖方面优于单独的 THC。此外，从香烟烟雾中回收的除 THC 以外的大麻素、大麻二酚和大麻酚的树脂亚馏分也被发现具有抑制作用，表明除精神活性 THC 以外的其他成分可能参与其中。免疫调节作用必须与脾细胞和淋巴细胞系的细胞凋亡作用区分开来，在树脂和 THC 中观察到了这些作用，但在大麻二酚或大麻酚中没有观察到。由于用药物处理的淋巴细胞在 T 细胞受体特异性刺激后仍能够产生细胞因子，因此细胞毒性作用的显著贡献似乎不太可能。考虑到最近一名年轻吸毒者出现异常严重的牛痘病毒感染病例，这些数据证实了“软毒品”存在感染正痘病毒或增强天花疫苗以及可能还有其他活疫苗副作用的风险。
