PHS Department, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Burns. 2011 May;37(3):521-7. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2010.09.013. Epub 2010 Dec 4.
In preventing burns, it is essential to know how they occur and which population groups, environments and heating appliances can be targeted for prevention work. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of burns leading to hospitalisation in the northwest of Iran with a focus on the pre-event phase of injury. Between 2007 and 2008, 237 burn victims hospitalised in Ardabil provincial burn centre were enrolled into a descriptive study. A questionnaire was filled in during hospital stay for all patients, with a focus on obtaining information necessary for prevention purposes. Males constituted 56% of victims. Mean age was 22 years. The most severe burns occurred between the ages of 18 and 32 years, and were mainly flame related. Both in case of flame and non-flame burns, women suffered more severe burns and mortality than men. However, with respect to non-flame burns of which most were scalds, the majority of the severe cases involved children under the age of 5 years. More than 80% of burns occurred at home. The kitchen was the main place of injury in 47% of cases, followed by living rooms in 28%. Nearly 45% of burns were scalds and 47% were flame burns. The main container was the samovar in 37%, followed by kettles in 32% and pots in 22%. The overturning of a container was the major mechanism of contact with hot liquids in 86%. Bumping into a container was the main scenario of a scald injury, constituting nearly 70% of the cases. The difference between flame and non-flame burns in the distribution of burns in extremities was not statistically significant, but head and neck burns were 3.7 times more likely to be caused by flame. The two most important injury patterns, more common among women, were getting burned while using a camping gas stove or while refilling the chamber of kerosene-burning appliances without first extinguishing them. Domestic burns among children and young women are a priority in injury-prevention programmes. Camping gas stoves, valors (traditional dual-purpose heating and cooking appliances) and samovars can be considered as target appliances for burn-specific home-safety-promotion efforts in this area or in similar settings.
在预防烧伤方面，了解烧伤的发生原因以及哪些人群、环境和加热设备可以作为预防工作的目标至关重要。本研究旨在确定导致伊朗西北部住院的烧伤患者的流行病学特征，重点关注伤害的前事件阶段。2007 年至 2008 年期间，在阿尔达比勒省烧伤中心住院的 237 名烧伤患者被纳入一项描述性研究。所有患者在住院期间都填写了一份问卷，重点是获取预防目的所需的信息。男性占受害者的 56%。平均年龄为 22 岁。最严重的烧伤发生在 18 至 32 岁之间，主要与火焰有关。无论是火焰烧伤还是非火焰烧伤，女性的烧伤严重程度和死亡率都高于男性。然而，对于大多数为烫伤的非火焰烧伤，严重病例主要涉及 5 岁以下儿童。超过 80%的烧伤发生在家里。厨房是 47%病例的主要受伤地点，其次是客厅占 28%。近 45%的烧伤为烫伤，47%为火焰烧伤。主要容器是 37%的茶炊，其次是 32%的水壶和 22%的锅。容器翻倒导致与热液体接触是 86%的主要机制。碰撞容器是烫伤损伤的主要情况，构成近 70%的病例。火焰烧伤和非火焰烧伤在四肢烧伤分布方面没有统计学差异，但火焰引起的头颈部烧伤可能性是其 3.7 倍。在女性中更常见的两种最重要的损伤模式是在使用露营煤气炉或在未先熄灭的情况下向煤油燃烧器具的燃烧室加油时被烧伤。儿童和年轻妇女的家庭烧伤是伤害预防计划的重点。在该地区或类似环境中，露营煤气炉、瓦勒斯（传统的两用加热和烹饪器具）和茶炊可以被认为是针对特定烧伤的家庭安全促进工作的目标器具。
