Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA.
Breastfeed Med. 2011 Jun;6(3):117-24. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2010.0055. Epub 2010 Dec 6.
Numerous studies have documented short- and long-term differences in growth and body composition based on whether an infant is breastfed or formula-fed. However, little is known about whether these differences result from the substance consumed (breastmilk vs. formula) or from the delivery method (breast vs. bottle). This prospective pilot study compared the growth and body composition patterns of 19 predominantly breastfed/nursing infants (NG) and 18 infants fed significant quantities of breastmilk by bottle (BG) during the first 6 months of life.
Infants were measured in a laboratory setting each month by trained staff. Growth measures (length, weight, and head circumference) were compared to World Health Organization growth standards. Body composition, including relative fat mass (%FM), was measured using an air-displacement plethysmography system (Pea Pod(®), Life Measurement, Inc., Concord, CA).
With the exception of small differences in length and weight scaled for length (body mass index and weight-for-length z-score) present at birth and continuing for the first 1-2 months of life, NG and BG infants were similar in weight, weight-for-age z-scores, head circumference, fat mass, and %FM. However, BG infants were three times more likely to exceed the 85(th) percentile for weight velocity during the 4-6-month age interval than NG infants (33% vs. 10%, respectively), but this did not reach statistical significance in this sample size (p = 0.12).
This pilot study suggests the delivery method (breast vs. bottle) for breastmilk may not dramatically affect growth for the first 4 months of life; however, future research with larger samples will be needed to carefully evaluate longer-term growth patterns in infants fed breastmilk by bottle.
大量研究记录了母乳喂养和配方奶喂养的婴儿在短期和长期的生长和身体成分方面的差异。然而，对于这些差异是由所摄入的物质（母乳与配方奶）还是由喂养方式（乳房与奶瓶）引起的，人们知之甚少。本前瞻性试点研究比较了 19 名主要母乳喂养/哺乳婴儿（NG）和 18 名在生命的前 6 个月中大量用奶瓶喂养母乳的婴儿（BG）的生长和身体成分模式。
训练有素的工作人员每月在实验室环境中对婴儿进行测量。生长指标（长度、体重和头围）与世界卫生组织的生长标准进行比较。使用空气置换体描记系统（Pea Pod®，Life Measurement，Inc.， Concord，CA）测量身体成分，包括相对脂肪量（%FM）。
除了出生时和生命前 1-2 个月存在的长度和体重的小差异（体重指数和体重-长度 z 评分）外，NG 和 BG 婴儿在体重、体重-年龄 z 评分、头围、脂肪量和%FM 方面相似。然而，BG 婴儿在 4-6 个月龄期间体重增长速度超过第 85 百分位的可能性是 NG 婴儿的三倍（分别为 33%和 10%），但在这个样本量中没有达到统计学意义（p = 0.12）。
这项试点研究表明，对于生命的前 4 个月，母乳的喂养方式（乳房与奶瓶）可能不会显著影响生长；然而，未来需要更大的样本量来仔细评估用奶瓶喂养母乳的婴儿的长期生长模式。
