Savino F, Costamagna M, Prino A, Oggero R, Silvestro L
Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell'Adolescenza, Università di Torino, Ospedale Regina Margherita, Italy.
Acta Paediatr. 2002;91(9):897-902. doi: 10.1080/080352502760272551.
Leptin, a hormone that regulates food intake and energy metabolism, is present in breast milk and thus may be involved in body composition differences between breastfed and formula-fed infants. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether diet and gender affect plasma leptin concentration in breastfed and formula-fed infants during the first months of life.
Anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance measurements [total body water (TBW) calculated with the Fjeld equation] were made and venous blood plasma samples were analysed for leptin concentration in healthy, exclusively breastfed or formula-fed Italian infants in the first year of life. Infants were subdivided in two ways: three groups (periods) in relation to age, and five groups in relation to weight.
The average serum concentration of leptin was 7.35 ng x ml(-1). Serum leptin values were higher in breastfed than in formula-fed infants. Breastfed infants in group I had a statistically higher serum leptin concentration (2,500-3,749 g). There were no significant differences in anthropometric measurements, body mass index or skinfold thickness between breastfed and formula-fed infants. In the periods I and II, breastfed infants had a significantly higher TBW than formula-fed infants. Males had a significantly higher TBW than females in periods I and II. Breastfed infants in group 2 (3,750-4,999 g) had a significantly higher TBW than formula-fed infants.
The data on TBW, weight and skinfold thickness suggest that the higher leptin concentration observed in breastfed infants in the first months of life may be due not only to adipose tissue production but also to human milk.
瘦素是一种调节食物摄入和能量代谢的激素，存在于母乳中，因此可能与母乳喂养和配方奶喂养婴儿的身体成分差异有关。本研究的目的是评估饮食和性别是否会影响生命最初几个月母乳喂养和配方奶喂养婴儿的血浆瘦素浓度。
对健康的意大利纯母乳喂养或配方奶喂养婴儿在出生后第一年进行人体测量和生物电阻抗测量（用Fjeld方程计算全身水含量），并分析静脉血血浆样本中的瘦素浓度。婴儿按两种方式分组：按年龄分为三组（阶段），按体重分为五组。
瘦素的平均血清浓度为7.35 ng·ml⁻¹。母乳喂养婴儿的血清瘦素值高于配方奶喂养婴儿。第一组母乳喂养婴儿（2500 - 3749 g）的血清瘦素浓度在统计学上更高。母乳喂养和配方奶喂养婴儿在人体测量、体重指数或皮褶厚度方面没有显著差异。在第一阶段和第二阶段，母乳喂养婴儿的全身水含量显著高于配方奶喂养婴儿。在第一阶段和第二阶段，男性的全身水含量显著高于女性。第二组母乳喂养婴儿（3750 - 4999 g）的全身水含量显著高于配方奶喂养婴儿。
关于全身水含量、体重和皮褶厚度的数据表明，在生命最初几个月母乳喂养婴儿中观察到的较高瘦素浓度可能不仅归因于脂肪组织的产生，还归因于母乳。
