Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 1005 North Glebe Road, Arlington, VA 22201, USA.
J Safety Res. 2010 Dec;41(6):507-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2010.10.005. Epub 2010 Nov 12.
Motorcycles vary in design and performance capability, and motorcyclists may select certain motorcycle types based on driving preferences. Conversely, motorcycle performance capability may influence the likelihood of risky driving behaviors such as speeding. Both mechanisms may affect fatal crash risk when examined by motorcycle type. Although it was not possible to estimate the effect of each mechanism, the current study analyzed fatal crash data for evidence of motorcycle type differences in risky driving behaviors and risk of driver death.
Street legal motorcycles were classified into 10 types based on design characteristics and then further grouped as cruiser/standard, touring, sport touring, sport/unclad sport, supersport, and all others. For each motorcycle type, driver death rates per 10,000 registered vehicle years and the prevalence of fatal crash characteristics such as speeding were analyzed. Differences among motorcycle types concerning the effect of engine displacement were examined using Poisson regression.
Overall, driver death rates for supersport motorcycles were four times as high as those for cruiser/standard motorcycles. Fatally injured supersport drivers were most likely to have been speeding and most likely to have worn helmets, but least likely to have been impaired by alcohol compared with drivers of other motorcycle types. The patterns in driver factors held after accounting for the effects of age and gender. Increased engine displacement was associated with higher driver death rates for each motorcycle type.
Strong effects of motorcycle type were observed on driver death rates and on the likelihood of risky driving behaviors such as speeding and alcohol impairment. Although the current study could not completely disentangle the effects of motorcycle type and rider characteristics such as age on driver death rates, the effects of both motorcycle type and rider age on the likelihood of risky driving behaviors were observed among fatally injured motorcycle drivers.
Certain motorcycle designs, particularly supersport motorcycles, are associated with increases in risky driving behaviors and higher driver death rates. At present, there are no proven countermeasures for this situation. However, existing countermeasures such as helmet laws and automated speed enforcement could have a substantial benefit.
摩托车在设计和性能能力上有所不同，摩托车手可能会根据驾驶偏好选择某些类型的摩托车。相反，摩托车的性能能力可能会影响超速等危险驾驶行为的可能性。当按摩托车类型检查时，这两种机制都可能影响致命碰撞的风险。尽管无法估计每种机制的影响，但本研究分析了致命碰撞数据，以寻找危险驾驶行为和驾驶员死亡风险方面的摩托车类型差异的证据。
根据设计特点，将合法上路的摩托车分为 10 种类型，然后进一步分为巡航/标准、旅行、运动旅行、运动/无罩运动、超级运动和其他类型。对于每种摩托车类型，分析了每 10000 辆注册车辆年的驾驶员死亡率以及超速等致命碰撞特征的发生率。使用泊松回归分析了发动机排量对摩托车类型的影响差异。
总体而言，超级运动型摩托车的驾驶员死亡率是巡航/标准型摩托车的四倍。致命事故中受伤的超级运动型摩托车驾驶员最有可能超速行驶，且最有可能戴头盔，但与其他类型的摩托车驾驶员相比，最不可能因酒精而受损。在考虑了年龄和性别因素的影响后，驾驶员因素的模式仍然存在。对于每种摩托车类型，发动机排量的增加与驾驶员死亡率的增加有关。
摩托车类型对驾驶员死亡率以及超速和酒精损害等危险驾驶行为的可能性有强烈影响。虽然本研究无法完全厘清摩托车类型和驾驶员年龄等因素对驾驶员死亡率的影响，但在致命事故中受伤的摩托车驾驶员中，观察到了摩托车类型和驾驶员年龄对危险驾驶行为可能性的影响。
某些摩托车设计，尤其是超级运动型摩托车，与危险驾驶行为的增加和驾驶员死亡率的提高有关。目前，针对这种情况还没有可行的对策。然而，现有的对策，如头盔法和自动速度执法，可能会带来实质性的好处。
